This аppeal of a sentence imposed pursuant to the Sentencing Guidelines requires us to answer three questions:
1. May thе sentencing court consider as “relevant conduct” conduct charged in dismissed counts of the indictment which the defendant denies committing?
2. Does use of such conduct to calculate the base offense level absent a conviction thereof violate due process?
3. If relevant, was the district court’s inclusion of such conduct based upon “reliablе evidence”?
We answer each question adverse to appellant and affirm.
Appellant was charged with others in three counts of a four count indictment. Count I charged that he conspired to distribute cocaine base. Count II charged that on August 5, 1988 he distributed cocaine base. Count III charged that on August 30, 1988 hе distributed cocaine base. The factual basis which appellant admitted charged (Count II) that on August 5, 1988 he sold 26.9 grams of cocaine base to an undercover agent to whom he was introduced by a co-defendant. The co-defendant was paid a commission by the undercover agent for making the introduction. The presentence investigation report showed that on August 30, 1988 (Count III) the appellant sold to the same agent 21.3 *452 grams of cocaine base and the same co-dеfendant was present and was paid a commission by the agent. The presentence report allegations concerning the August 30th transaction were supported by the statement of the agent and drug test reports which the government introduced at the sentencing hearing. The presentence report included the August 30th transaction as relevant conduct аnd based the base offense level on the sum of drugs sold in both transactions. Appellant objected to the report and at the sentencing hearing was given an opportunity to challenge it. He simply denied the August 30th transaction but offered no оther evidence and did not call any witnesses on the issue. The district court adopted the facts set forth in the presentence investigation report and imposed sentence based upon the total weight of drugs in both transactions.
Appellant first argues that the August 30, 1988 narcotics transaction was not “relevant conduct”.
1
In this Circuit the sentence will be upheld so long аs it results from a correct application of the guidelines to factual findings which are not clearly erroneous.
United States v. Sarasti,
Appellant seeks to distinguish Ta-plette on the basis that it was undisputed that defendant committed the distribution offenses in addition to the offense of conviction. However, the reasoning of Ta-plette is not dependent upon whether the relevant conduct is disputed or undisputed but rather upon whether the allegedly relevant transaction is part of the same course of conduct, or a common scheme or plan as the offense of convictiоn. Id. at 106.
In Taplette the court noted that the counts to which the defendant did not plead were relevant conduct since the sales occurred within a three week period and were all made to the same government informant. In the case at bar the same is true. Additionally, the drug was the same and the same co-defendant was involved.
Secondly, appellant contends that inclusion as relevant conduct of the offense which he denies committing constitutes punishment for an unconvicted extraneous act.
2
Appellant misperceives the issue. The sentencing court did not rely on these facts to punish the defendant for the extraneous offense but to justify harsher penalties for the offense for which he was convicted. This has рreviously been held appropriate.
United States v. Juarez-Ortega,
Since appellant is not being convicted of the extraneous offense proof beyond a reasonable doubt of that event is not required.
McMillan v. Pennsylvania,
Finally appellant contends that the district сourt erred in finding that the August 30th transaction which appellant denied did in fact occur.
3
Primarily he contends this was error becаuse the decision was based on unreliable hearsay evidence which was not subject to confrontation and
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crоss-examination. There is no doubt that hearsay is admissible for this purpose. 18 U.S.C. § 3661; U.S.S.G. § 6A1.3(a) and Commentary, p. 6.2;
U.S. v. Cuellar-Flores,
Appellant’s contention that the hearsay evidence is unreliable is likewise without merit. The information appeared in the indictment. An indictment is a сonclusive finding that there is probable cause to believe that the allegations in the indictment took place. Fed.R.Crim.P. 5(c);
Gerstein v. Pugh,
Nor were appellant’s rights of confrontation and cross-examination denied. The court did not foreclose the opportunity for confrontation and cross-examination but in fact invited it in its colloquy with defense counsel. Defendant offered only a denial. The court’s invitation to present whatever the defense wished concerning thаt issue offered ample opportunity to confront the named author of the report or to request a recess until he could be confronted and questioned. The probation officer who prepared the presentencе report was present. The opportunity having been presented the appellant cannot now complain of the deprivation of his rights. United States v. Ammirato, supra at 557.
AFFIRMED.