28 M.J. 574 | U.S. Army Court of Military Review | 1989
OPINION OF THE COURT ON REMAND
This case has a tortured and all too lengthy appellate history. In September 1986, after providently pleading guilty to several specifications of forcible sodomy and indecent acts with his children (multiple acts taking place over a period of more than two years), as well as driving under the influence of alcohol and communication of a threat, the appellant was sentenced to a dishonorable discharge, confinement for twenty-five years, and forfeiture of all pay and allowances. Pursuant to a pretrial agreement, the convening authority reduced the sentence to a dishonorable discharge, confinement for fourteen years,
The facts are simple. The issue presented is of no complexity. The appellant was charged, inter alia, in a single specification with acts of sodomy with his son on numerous occasions between 1 November 1983 and 10 June 1986 at the family quarters at Fort Richardson, Alaska. Two other specifications alleged numerous acts of indecent liberties with his son and daughter during the time frame of 11 July 1984 and 9 July 1986 at the same Alaska location. The stipulation of fact adumbrated these acts as well as uncharged identical acts with the same children; the uncharged acts occurred earlier (between 6 June 1979 and 30 September 1983) and at a different location (Fort Campbell, Kentucky). At trial, the defense counsel objected to that portion of the stipulation containing the uncharged misconduct that had occurred at Fort Campbell. Relying on case law at the time of trial, the judge refused to consider the objection. This left appellant with an “either-or” situation. Because the pretrial agreement was conditioned on the stipulation of fact, appellant could either accept the stipulation or lose the advantages of the pretrial agreement. Rather than risking the loss of an extremely favorable pretrial agreement, the appellant accepted the stipulation. That, of course, was the error resolved by the Court of Military Appeals in its second remand. We must now address the question left unanswered by the trial judge, namely the admissibility of the uncharged misconduct; if we find it inadmissible, we then must assess the impact of the error.
We find the uncharged misconduct to be both relevant and admissible. The basis of admissibility is Rule for Courts-Martial 1001(b)4.
In order to avoid a third remand, we will assume, arguendo, that the uncharged misconduct was erroneously admitted and assess for prejudice. We find none. The uncharged misconduct did not exacerbate in any significant way the nature of the offense nor did it increase its seriousness. It did not encompass conduct remote in time or different in nature to that charged. At most, it “aggravated” the offenses by showing that the conduct for which the appellant was charged began when the children were somewhat younger than the ages shown in the charged specifications. In any event, both children were sub-teens at the onset of the charged misconduct; the sensibilities of the court members were no doubt numbed by facts admitted which directly supported the specifications. It is difficult to believe their revulsion could have been significantly increased by learning that these sordid relationships had in fact begun earlier. Finally, even if prejudice can somehow be conjured up, surely the significant reduction effected by the convening authority purged any possible harm to the appellant. See Martin at 233 (particularly the final paragraph of Chief Judge Everett’s concurring opinion).
We affirm the findings of guilty and the sentence.
. United States v. Grostefon, 12 M.J. 431 (C.M.A. 1982).
. Grostefon should be reconsidered by the Court of Military Appeals. This court has always considered matters raised by appellant whether or not assigned as error. We have, on appropriate occasions, specified issues raised neither by appellant nor counsel based on our required review of the "entire record.” Very frankly, all Grostefon has accomplished in this case and many others is unwarranted delay with no real prospect of relief ever being granted. This case is an example. Appellate review should have been completed long ago, yet a wholly non-meritorious Grostefon "error” delayed it. This was to the benefit of neither the appellant nor the system. At a minimum before remanding a case, it would appear that the Grostefon “error” should be assessed and if deemed without merit (as is almost invariably true) litigation should be terminated.
. Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1984 [hereinafter M.C.M., 1984], Rule for Courts-Martial 1001(b)4.