13 C.M.A. 129 | United States Court of Military Appeals | 1962
Opinion of the Court
Tried by special court-martial, the ac-eused, pursuant to his pleas, was found guilty of two specifications of absence
“1. Whether the instructions were correct as to the permissible penalty for Specification 2 of Charge I.
“2. Assuming the answer to Issue 1 is in the negative, was the accused prejudiced by such instruction and the efforts of trial counsel to introduce evidence of an Article 15 punishment and an alleged letter from the Division Officer of the accused.”
Specification 2 of Charge I alleges an absence without leave of less than three days. The correct maximum punishment for this offense is confinement at hard labor for one month and forfeiture of two-thirds pay for one month. Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1951, paragraph 127c. Nevertheless, the president delineated the penalty as confinement at hard labor for six months and forfeiture of two-thirds pay for a like period. The Government concedes that the instruction was erroneous.
During the presenteneing proceedings, trial counsel sought to introduce a letter from accused’s division officer “as a matter of aggravation.” He stated it would “give the court some idea as to the character and value that McDowell has to the Navy.” The president read the letter and refused to admit it. The exhibit is not included in the record before us. The trial counsel also unsuccessfully sought to introduce in evidence a record of imposition of nonjudieial punishment under Code, supra, Article 15, 10 USC § 815, on two occasions.
The Government argues, however, that no error resulted from the tender of the letter and records in evidence, as it was necessary for the president to be aware of their nature in order to rule upon their admissibility. Cf. United States v Bridges, 12 USCMA 96, 30 CMR 96. This position, however, overlooks the trial counsel’s description of the items before the entire court. Moreover, under the circumstances present in this record, we can think of no legal basis on which counsel could purport to believe that such items were admissible. Indeed, the dual function of the president as judge and juror is the very reason why counsel in special courts-martial should use caution to see that inadmissible matters are not brought to his attention.
As we view the proceedings, it appears that trial counsel — a nonlawyer probably unaware of the legal significance of his actions — intentionally directed the court-martial’s attention to information calculated to cause it to adjudge a sentence imposing a punitive discharge. And it should be noted that a bad-conduct discharge was authorized only as a permissible additional punishment. Thus, the matters described by trial counsel as items “in aggravation” might reasonably be said to have influenced the court to include that penalty in the sentence. Although the exhibits were not received, it is clear that the members became aware of the essence of their contents and that such knowledge would cause them to have a low opinion of the accused’s continued value to the naval service. The doubt engendered by such conduct must be resolved in favor of the accused. United States v Allen, 11 USCMA 539, 29 CMR 355; United States v Britt, 10 USCMA 557, 28 CMR 123.
Next, the Government argues that reassessment of the sentence by intermediate appellate authorities based upon the trial counsel’s reference to the non judicial punishments and the enumeration of separate possible punishments by the president for each offense charged effectively purged the record of prejudice. Cf. United States v Barnes, 11 USCMA 671, 29 CMR 487.
The decision of the board of review is reversed, and the record of trial is returned to The Judge Advocate General of the Navy. The board may reassess and approve a sentence which does not include a punitive discharge, or it may order a rehearing on the sentence.