The defendant has moved to dismiss the government’s appeal from the partial grant of a motion to suppress certain evidence. Section 3731 of the Criminal Code authorizes the government to appeal (with some qualifications unnecessary to discuss) certain nonfinal decisions and orders of the district court, including orders suppressing evidence, provided the appeal is taken within thirty days of the order. The defendant’s motion raises two novel issues: whether such an appeal is premature if the district judge has not yet disposed of the entire motion, and, if not, whether the appeal divests the judge of jurisdiction over the remainder of the motion. We cannot find any case that addresses either question.
The criminal case is before the district court on remand from this court, which in
United States v. Ienco,
Although the defendant darkly hints that the government’s action in appealing the judge’s first ruling on July 30 was intended to prevent the judge from ruling against the government a second time by wresting jurisdiction away from him, the government really had no choice; the thirty days that it had to appeal the first ruling — assuming it was an appealable order — was about to run out. The government has suggested, moreover, that we accept jurisdiction of its appeal but invite the district judge to certify his intention of entering a further order suppressing the rest of the evidence, and, if he does so, that we then remand the case for the entry of a new order suppressing all the evidence, followed by a new appeal. This is a common procedure in cases, including criminal eases, of divided jurisdiction. E.g.,
United States v. Bingham,
Section 3731 is straightforward: the government may appeal an order suppressing evidence in a criminal case. The district judge’s first ruling was such an order. The fact that it did not dispose of the defendant’s entire motion, with the result that closely related issues remained to be decided in the district court, does not contradict the fact that the ruling suppressed a body of evidence. Unlike Fed.R.Civ.P. 54(b), there is nothing in section 3731 to suggest that the judge’s order, to be appealable, must dispose of a claim that is separate from the claims remaining before the judge, and we cannot think of any compelling reason to interpolate such a limitation into the statute.
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Also unlike the situation in civil cases, the government does not have the option of accumulating all its challenges to the judge’s suppression rulings for appeal at the end of the case, since section 3731 bars the government from appealing after jeopardy attaches, which is to say (in the usual case) after the trial begins. See, e.g.,
United States v. Mavrokordatos,
The next question is whether the government’s appeal divested the district judge of jurisdiction to rule on the rest of the motion to suppress. The general rule, and it is applicable to appeals under section 3731, is that an appeal transfers jurisdiction from the district court to the court of appeals, so that the two courts will not be stepping on each other’s toes. (For the general rule, see
Griggs v. Provident Consumer Discount Co.,
The motion to dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction is denied. But since the district judge has already ruled, albeit in excess of his jurisdiction, on the retained issues, no purpose would be served by requiring him to certify his intention to so rule. We therefore remand the case with instructions that the district court enter an order granting the motion to suppress in its entirety. The appeal from that order will bring up to us all the issues the government wants to appeal.
So Ordered.
