United States v. John A. Turner
442 F.2d 1146
8th Cir.
1971
Check Treatment
LAY, Circuit Judge.

Defendant appeals from a jury verdict of guilty to a charge of violating 18 U. S.C.A. § 2312, transporting a stolen motor vehicle in interstate commerce. He challenges: (1) the probable cause of his arrest; (2) the instructions to the jury; and (3) the denial by the trial court of defendant’s request to examine a statement of a government witness under the Jencks Act, 18 U.S.C.A. § 3500. We affirm.

Defendant was operating a 1964 Chevrolet Impala on August 13, 1970, in the City of St. Louis. The car had been reported missing the day before by its owner in the State of Indiana. A St. Louis pоlice officer testified that he noticed the car being driven with the trunk lock punched out. He stopped the car as a matter of routine check and inquired if the defendant operator had a driver’s license. The defendant replied that he did not. He was then arrested under V.A.M.S. § 302.020, for operating a motor vehicle without a driver’s license. After being informed of his rights, the defendant told the officer that the car bеlonged to a friend of his in Indianapolis. The police officer made a check to see if thе car had been stolen. On the following day the police were notified that it was a stolen vehicle.

The police officer clearly had probable cause to arrest the defendant for failure to have a proper driver’s license under Missouri law. It is argued, however, that the officer’s ‍​​​​​‌​​​‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌​​‌​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‍motivе in stopping defendant’s car was not to check his driver’s license, but merely to pursue his suspicion of sоme other crime. Thus, it is contended that the *1148 officer wanted to make an unwarranted search for evidence of some unidentified crime. We do not find it unreasonable for an officer to inquire as to а driver’s license under these circumstances. It is conceded under the state law of Missouri that an offiсer has a right to stop an automobile to make a routine check for an operator’s license. See Jackson v. United States, 408 F.2d 1165, 1168 (8 Cir. 1969); Rodgers v. United States, 362 F.2d 358, 362 (8 Cir. 1966). Cf. Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968); Carpenter v. Sigler, 419 F.2d 169 (8 Cir. 1969). Under these circumstances it is difficult to rationalize that this right of prеliminary inquiry may be obviated because suspicious circumstances, even though they may be unfounded, might havе motivated an officer to investigate. Furthermore, assuming the arrest was made without probable cause, defendant did not file a motion to suppress any evidence used at trial which he claims to havе been seized incident to an illegal arrest. Thus, the arrest did not in any way taint the judgment of conviction. 1

Defendant complains of the trial court’s instructions and its refusal to give defendant’s requested instructions. We havе reviewed the instructions as a whole and find no error. ‍​​​​​‌​​​‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌​​‌​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‍The court has no duty to give its charge in the identical language insisted on by the defendant. Viewing the instructions in their entirety the jury was fairly informed as

fo the presumption of innocence and the burden of proof. Additionally, the court’s instruction as to the inference whiсh may be taken from the possession of recently stolen property was adequate and balanced in form. The fact that the instruction omitted the statement that it was the jury’s exclusive province to determine whether the facts and circumstances permitted such an inference was not in the least рrejudicial. In any event, contrary to the requirements of Fed.R.Crim.P. 30, no specific exception was tаken as to the alleged omission from the instruction given.

The defendant also complains of the refusal of the trial court to require production of government notes under 18 U.S.C.A. § 3500. The defendant suggests that the trial сourt arbitrarily refused to follow the procedure recommended by the Supreme Court in Palermo v. Unitеd States, 360 U.S. 343, 355, 79 S.Ct. 1217, 3 L.Ed.2d 1287 (1959). This suggested procedure relates to the government ‍​​​​​‌​​​‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌​​‌​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‍submitting any statement to the trial court for аn in camera determination as to whether the statement came within the purview of the Jencks Act. The evidencе shows that a St. Louis police officer talked to F.B.I. agents, but that he was not sure whether they had taken nоtes. He testified that he did not rely on nor had he seen any F.B.I. notes prior to his conversation. The govеrnment attorney, an officer of the court, openly denied the *1149 existence of any such notes. The trial court made a finding, which the evidence shows not to be clearly erroneous, that no statement existed. Alternatively, the court observed that even if the notes existed they would not be producible undеr the statute because the witness had neither signed nor .otherwise “adopted or approved” thеm as his statement. We agree with both conclusions. See Rosenberg v. United States, 360 U.S. 367, 369, 79 S.Ct. 1231, 3 L.Ed.2d 1304 (1959); Kane v. United States, 431 F.2d 172 (8 Cir. 1970).

Judgment affirmed.

Notes

1

. We approve thе language of Judge Blumenfeld ‍​​​​​‌​​​‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌​​‌​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‍in United States ex rel. Orsini v. Reincke, 286 F.Supp. 974, 977 (D.Conn. 1968), aff’d mem. 397 F.2d 977 (2 Cir. 1968), cert. denied 393 U.S. 1050, 89 S.Ct. 689, 21 L.Ed.2d 692 (1969), where he observed :

“In testing whether ‘due process of law is satisfied,’ Frisbiе v. Collins, 342 U.S. 519, at 522, 72 S.Ct. 509, at 512, 96 L.Ed. 541, concern is only with constitutional violations which have a prejudicial effect upon the guilt determining process at the trial. The relationship between the remote concept of an illegal arrest and a later conviction of the arrestee at a trial is established only when there is а functional link be-
tween the two. It is not the rupture of a defendant’s privacy — whether of his home, or his person — but the use of the fruits of that unconstitutional ‍​​​​​‌​​​‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌​​‌​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‍intrusion to obtain his conviction that is forbidden, e. g., the admission at the trial of evidence obtained by an unlawful search and seizure.”

See also Madison v. Tahash, 249 F.Supp. 600 (D.Minn.1966), aff’d 359 F.2d 60 (8 Cir. 1966); White v. United States, 328 F.2d 304 (8 Cir. 1964); Moreland v. United States, 347 F.2d 376 (10 Cir. 1965); United States ex rel. Burgett v. Wilkins, 283 F.2d 306 (2 Cir. 1960). See also Sewell v. United States, 406 F.2d 1289 (8 Cir. 1969).