United States v. Hills Bros.

107 F. 107 | 2d Cir. | 1901

LACOMBE, Circuit Judge.

The usual duty, under paragraph 209° of the act of July 24, 1897, was assessed on the sugar, and is not called in question. In addition there was assessed a countervailing .duty of 2.12 Dutch florins per 100 kilograms, under section 5 of the said act, which reads as follows:

“Sec. 5. That whenever any country, dependency, or colony shall pay or bestow, directly or indirectly, any bounty or grant upon the exportation of any article or merchandise from such country, dependency or colony, and such article or merchandise Is dutiable under the provisions of this act,- then upon .the importation of any such article or merchandise into the United States whether the same shall be imported directly from the country of production or otherwise, and whether such article or merchandise is imported in the same condition as when exported from the country of production or has been changed in condition by re-manufacture or otherwise, there shall be levied and paid, in all such cases in addition to the duties otherwise imposed by this act, an additional duty equal to the net amount of such bounty or grant, however the same be paid or bestowed. The net amount of all such bounties or grants shall be from time to time ascertained, determined and declared by the secretary of the treasury, who shall make all needful regulations for the identification of such articles and merchandise and for the assessment and collection of such additional duties.”

The sole question in the case is whether, under a certain law, which went into effect in the Netherlands September 1, 1897, and which contained regulations respecting the production of sugar, the government of that country did in fact pay or bestow, directly or indirectly, a bounty or grant upon the exportation of sugar from that country. The importer makes no question as to the amount of duty, or as to the regularity of the action of the secretary of the treasury, if it be held that such bounty is in fact paid in the Netherlands. The circuit court held that the bounty paid by the Netherlands government is a bounty upon production, and not a bounty upon exportation of the sugar, directly or indirectly. In this conclusion we are unable to concur. Without quoting the precise text of the various provisions of the Dutch law, it may be stated that it imposes on sugar (such as is here concerned), whether produced in or imported into Holland, an excise tax of 27 florins per 100 kilos. A so-called “deduction,” which concededly is a bounty, or grant, or premium, is paid for the production of raw sugar of 2.50 florins per 100 kilos for the year in question, and for the production of refined sugar therefrom a further bounty of 0.34 florins per 100 kilos; a total of 2.84 per 100 kilos. The amount of such premium or bounty is placed to the credit of the person to whom it is due in his excise account; and it is provided that, if it “should cause the credit to exceed the debit, the difference shall be paid to the manufacturer or refiner from the revenue from the excise of the year from which the deduction takes place.” In view of the great disparity between the bounty and the excise tax (there is a similar disparity for all kinds and' grades of sugar), it is quite evident that there can be no excess “paid” from the government’s revenues to any one who is liable for the excise tax.' Finally, it is provided that sugar withdrawn for exportation to a foreign country, and actually exported, shall be exempt from the excise tax. That tax being thus eliminated from the debit side of the account, the manufacturer or refiner receives from the government the excess of credit over debit, which is the precise amount of the bounty. Undoubtedly, this premium or “deduction” is called a bounty on production, and is a bounty on production; but the other provisions of the law have the practical effect of making it, from the standpoint of other countries, a bounty on exportation. The result of the whole act is no different, so far as the foreign country is concerned, from what it would be had it provided: All sugar producers shall receive a bounty paid in cash from the revenues of the government of so much per 100 kilos. Those who export their sugar may keep this bounty, those who do not export it must forthwith return it to the government. The decision ol the circuit court is reversed, and that of the board is affirmed.