142 F. Supp. 375 | S.D.N.Y. | 1956
Respondent’s exceptions to the libel of the United States raise issues of law concerning voluntary payment and compulsory counterclaims and for the reasons hereinafter stated they are sustained and the libel is dismissed.
In June 1954 respondent recovered a judgment against libelant in the amount of $54,000. Shortly thereafter Congress appropriated funds to pay this judgment. The General Accounting Office on September 29, 1954, deducted the sum of $31,102.71 from the amount appropriated and remitted the balance to respondent. The withholding of this sum was done under the provisions of 31 U.S.C.A. § 227 which provides in substance that it shall be the duty of the Comptroller General to withhold payment of any judgment equal to a debt owing to the United States and if the judgment creditor denies his indebtedness or refuses to consent to the set-off then the Comptroller General shall withhold payment and if such debt is not already in suit it shall be his duty to cause proceedings to be immediately commenced to enforce the same.
The Comptroller General withheld the sum of $31,102.71 because of his claim that respondent owed that amount to libelant as charter hire. Respondent then brought an action in the Court of Claims on October 17, 1954, to recover the amount withheld. The government made a motion to dismiss on the ground that the Court of Claims lacked jurisdiction, but before decision on the motion filed the instant libel on November 9, 1954, in this district for $31,102.71 for charter hire. The Court of Claims denied the government’s motion on April 5, 1955.
Respondent moved to strike this defense because the government had not paid the 6% interest for the period of the wrongful withholding. The Court of Claims on May 1, 1956, granted the motion to strike with leave to plead an amended answer denying the withholding was improper. Such answer was filed May 31, 1956, but it contained no counterclaim for the $31,102.71 which is the subject matter of the present libel in this district.
On June 14, 1956, respondent moved in the present proceeding in this district to suspend proceedings in this court pending final disposition of the Court of Claims action. That motion was denied without opinion by Judge Cashin.
On July 2, 1956, the present exceptive allegations were filed in this court. The grounds are (a) the sum of $31,102.71 sought to be recovered herein was paid by libelant to respondent while suit therefor was pending and the same cannot be recovered under established principles of voluntary payment, and (b) that libelant has waived the claim against respondent by failure to demand said sum by counterclaim in the action pending between the .parties in the Court of Claims action.
The undisputed facts leave no room for doubt that the payment to respondent on April 28, 1955, was a voluntary payment in every particular. No duress or compulsion is alleged — not even a protest was made. Payment was made with full knowledge of all the facts without necessity or urgency. It cannot be recovered back. Union Pac. R. Co. v. Commissioners of Dodge County, 1878, 98 U.S. 541, 543, 25 L.Ed. 196; Cunard S. S. Co. v. Elting, 2 Cir., 1938, 97 F.2d 373. This rule applies to the government as well as private parties. McKnight v. U. S., 1878, 98 U.S. 179, 25 L.Ed. 115. Another consideration supporting respondent’s position is the salutary rule of compulsory counterclaim.
Rule 17(a) of the Court of Claims, 28 U.S.C.A. requires the answer to state as a counterclaim any claim the defendant may have against the plaintiff “if it arises out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the petition.” The Court of Claims has characterized the petition as follows: “Plaintiff’s petition alleges that it recovered a judgment in this court on June 8, 1954, for $54,097.16, but that the Comptroller General wrongfully offset against this judgment the sum of $31,102.71, which sum he claims plaintiff owes the defendant under a bareboat charter. Plaintiff sues for the $31,102.71 withheld.” Eastport Steamship Company v. United States, 1955,130 F.Supp. 333,131 Ct.Cl. 210. Thus, it may be seen that the United States’ only hope of succeeding in that suit lay in proving that plaintiff actually owed $31,102.71 under the bareboat charter. Even after the amount was voluntarily paid and the suit became one for interest only the Court of Claims granted plaintiff’s motion to strike the government’s answer alleging payment and directed a further answer alleging the $31,102.71 to have been justifiably withheld because of the charter indebtedness. Eastport Steamship Company v. United States, Ct.Cl.1956, 140 F.Supp. 773. The question of respondent’s indebtedness is the very essence of the Court of Claims suit. The similar language in Rule 13(a) Fed.Rules Civ.Proc., 28 U.S.C.A. and the more stringent language of old Equity Rule 30 would clearly require a compulsory counterclaim in this situation. Moore v. New York Cotton Exchange, 1926, 270 U.S. 593, 46 S.Ct. 367, 70 L.Ed. 750; 3 Moore’s Federal Practice, 2d ed., pp. 32-33.
Libelant’s argument that the government is never required to .assert counterclaims in the Court of Claims makes very little sense in view of the rules of that court. Rule 17(a) must apply to the government since it is the only defendant in that court. Cf. Eastern
Libel dismissed. This is an order. No settlement is necessary.