Under the provisions of the National Prohibition Act (Comp. St. Ann.' Supp. 1923, § 10138% et seq.), a person may not lawfully purchase, impоrt, transport, sell, barter, and deliver intoxicating liquor containing more than one-half of 1 per centum, by volume, and fit for beverage‘purposes, except under circumstances and conditions expressly specified by stat.utе. To engage in the traffic of intoxicating liquor fit for beverage purposes in any of the foregoing particulаrs, or to possess the same, in the absence of the expressly permitted circumstances and conditions, constitutes a violation of law, and subjects the offender to prescribed pains and penalties.
By the terms of sеction 32 of title 2 of the prohibition statute (Comp. St. Ann. Supp. 1923, § 10138%s), it is not necessary in an indictment for a violation thereof to “include any defensive negative averments, but it shall be sufficient to state that the act complained of was then and there prohibited and unlawful.” If this method of pleading be insufficient for the definition of an act denounced by the statute as a crime, and which is the subject of prosecution, I see no objection to the employment of a. like method of pleading for the definition of the same offense when its commission constitutes the object оf an unlawful conspiracy. In other words, the crime, which is the object of an unlawful conspiracy, requires no more elaborate statement than is necessary for the allegation of the crime when charged as a substantive offense. An identification of the offenses which are the objects of the conspiracy is all that is requisite. Williаmson v. United States,
In the indictment now before the court upon demurrer, it is charged that a number of named persons “did unlawfully, willfully, and knowingly combine, conspire, confederate, and agree together * * * to commit an offense agаinst the United States, to wit, to purchase, import, transport, possess, sell, barter and deliver intoxicating liquor contаining more than one half of one per centum of alcohol by volume and fit for use for beverage purposes in violation of the Act of Con-' gress approved October 28, ■ 1919, commonly known as the National Prohibition Act.” The pleading then goes on to aver, as parts of the conspiracy, the plan and purpose of the dеfendant to . purchase large quantities of such liquor in foreign countries to bring the same to various points on the high seas off the northeastern coast of the United States, to import the liquor from off the ships by means of boats, operating between the vessels at sea and the coast of the United States, and to sell the same in various pаrts of the country and by corrupt means to induee government and municipal agents and employees to faсilitate and aid in the illegal importation, transportation, and distribution of the liquor.
The indictment then contains a variеty of overt acts, which it is charged were designed to effect the objects of the conspiracy. Two of thе defendants contend that the pleading is so vague, and so barren and destitute of appropriate allegations, as to demand that their demurrer be sustained. Their argument is that the various acts set forth as being the objects оf the conspiracy are expressly lawful under that portion of section 3 of title 2 of the Act (Comp. St. Ann. Supp. 1923, § 10138%aa), which reads: “Liquor for non-beverage purposes and wine for sacramental purposes may be manufactured, purchased, sold, bartered * * * and possessed, but only as herein provided, and the Commissioner may, upon -application, issue permits therefor.”
The argument overlooks the first paragraph of the same section of the statute, which is to the effect that no person shall “manufacture, sell, barter, transport, import, expоrt, deliver, furnish or possess any intoxicating liquor except as authorized in this act.” Unless the defendants were authorized to do the things whiсh the indictment charges it was their object to do, the acts, if committed, would be unlawful. Bearing in mind the provisions of section 32 of title 2 of the act, the fact that what the defendants conspired to do is averred to have been “in violation of the Act of Congress approved October 28, 1919, commonly known as the National Prohibition Act,” I do not think dеfendants’ objections are well taken. It is true that the indictment, in negativing the possible lawfulness of the acts which defеndants agreed to commit, does not say that such acts were prohibited and unlawful. But it seems to me that the words “in violation of the Act of Congress, approved October 28,1919, commonly known as the National Prohibition Act,” which are the indictment phraseology, constitute an equivalent for the words of the statute. JThat statement
The argument that section 32 of title 2 of the act, if applicable in support of this indictment, is unconstitutional, does not, I think, merit discussion. Any possible prejudice to thе defendants, by reason of generalities or vagueness in the indictment, may be overcome through the medium of a bill of particulars.
Demurrer overruled.