2 Ct. Cust. 522 | C.C.P.A. | 1912
delivered the opinion of the court:
This appeal involves the classification of a commodity imported at Boston, Mass., and known as gum tragasol. Some of the gum was imported under the tariff act of 1897 and some of it under- the tariff act of 1909. The collector of customs rated the product as a nononumorated manufactured article and accordingly the importations were assessed for duty at 20 per cent ad valorem either under the provisions of section 6 of the act of 1897 or under the provisions of paragraph 480 of the act of 1909 as the date of importation might require. With the exception that the word “section” is substituted for the word “act” paragraph 480 is a reenactment of section 6, and the particular part of the section and paragraph pertinent to the case is as follows:
* * * There shall be levied, collected, and paid * * * on all articles manufactured, in whole or in part, not provided for, • * * * a duty of twenty per centum ad valorem.
The importers protested that the merchandise was not dutiable as an unenumerated manufactured article not provided for, and, among other grounds of objection to the collector’s classification, it was averred that gum tragasol was entitled to free entry whether imported under the tariff act of 1897 or under that.of 1909. This claim was based on the following, language of paragraph 482 of the free' list of the tariff act of 1897, .which was reenacted in paragraph 499 of the free list of the tariff act of 1909:
Articles in a crude state used in dyeing or tanning not specially provided for. * * *
Tragasol is a gum extracted by patented processes from the locust bean, sometimes known as St. John’s bread. The patents are owned by the Gum Tragasol Supply Co. (Ltd.), of Hooton, England, and it seems to be conceded that the entire output of the commodity under consideration is manufactured by that concern. From the testimony in the case and the patents in evidence we gather that the locust beans are separated from the pods and then after being submitted to a boiling and soaking process are, after drying, put through decorti-cating machinés in order to free the cotyledons from the husks and germs. The husked cotyledons are next placed in yats where, steeped in water, they are reduced to a pulp, which is slowly raised to a temperature of 180°. After cooking the pulp for two hours or more the gum therein separates itself from the vegetable substances involving it, and, with the water which violent agitation has forced it to absorb, is withdrawn and filtered into a pool, where it is treated with formalin, carbolic acid, or some other chemical for the purpose of preserving the product from deterioration. The article thus processed is known as gum tragasol and constitutes the merchandise imported. In the making of tragasol it appears that great care must be taken to thoroughly husk the beans in order that the pigment carried by the envelope inclosing the cotyledons may not discolor the gum when extracted. If the husks are not completely removed, then it seems that at some stage of the subsequent proceedings the materials must be treated with an appropriate chemical so as to render the pigment insoluble, and thus permit of the withdrawal of the gum as a colorless liquid. Gum tragasol is principally used in the dyeing of textiles, in which industry it serves the purpose of a carrying medium to convey the color into the body of the material to be dyed. Due to the fact that tragasol prepared for use in dyeing is more than 99 per cent water and contains less than 1 per cent of solid matter, colors carried by it penetrate the fabric readily and evenly and are characterized by a transparency which seems to be especially desirable in dyeing woven goods of a lustrous texture.
On this state of facts the Government asks for a reversal, first, because the importation is not an article in a crude state and therefore not dutiable as claimed by the importers; second, because it is dutiable as assessed; and, third, • because the tragasol imported since August 5, 1909, if not dutiable as assessed, is dutiable as a vegetable extract used in dyeing under the provisions of paragraph 22 of the tariff act of 1909, which paragraph, in so far as it is pertinent to the issue, is as follows:
22. * * * All extracts of vegetable origin suitable for dyeing, coloring, staining or tanning, * * * and not specially provided for in this section, fifteen per centum ad valorem.
* It was claimed by the importers to be a crude drug. It appeared from the record in that case that guaraña was prepared by shelling the seeds of the Pmllinia sorbilis, moistening them in water, removing a papery film over the kernel, and pounding them in a mortar until they were reduced to a semisolid consistency. The article was then made up into the form of rolls, wrapped in leaves, and dried in the sun or by the fire. Guaraña in that state was in its crudest form, and before being used as a medicine it was either reduced to a powder or from it was distilled an elixir after removing the leaves and other impurities. The board held that the importation was a medicinal preparation, and the circuit court on the authority of United States v. Merck, supra, sustained the contention of the importer that it was a crude drug. In United States v. Continental Color & Chemical Co., supra, this court considered the tariff classification of hydroxide of chrome, which is secured as a precipitate by treating with oxide of magnesium a liquid by-product resulting from the manufacture of anthraquinone. The collector assessed the importation as a chemical
Whether the gum tragasol imported subsequent to the going into effect of the tariff act of 1909 is more specifically provided for in paragraph 22 of that act is the only question which remains to be determined,, and the determination of that question depends upon the meaning which should be given to that particular part of the paragraph which makes provision for "all extracts of vegetable origin suitable for dyeing, coloring, staining, or tanning.” • We think this provision was not intended by Congress to cover auxiliary agents in dyeing, coloring, staining, or tanning, but only those agencies of vegetable origin which were themselves capable either of imparting color to other substances or of converting hides and skins into leather. Gum tragasol is not such an agency. It is not a dyestuff or coloring matter; neither has it any of the tannic qualities which would entitle it to be classed as a material for tanning.
From all of which we conclude that the merchandise imported is an article in a crude state used in dyeing; that it is not a vegetable extract for dyeing, coloring, staining, or tanning, and that therefore the decision of the Board of General Appraisers should be affirmed.