269 F. 458 | W.D. La. | 1920
The question involved in this case is the right of the government to collect from the defendant an income tax on the deferred payments for the sale of oil leases. The deferred payments were the obligations of the Producers’ Oil Company, a solvent corporation, not represented by notes of secured in any way. The sale undoubtedly established a profit on the transaction, represented by the difference between the cost, $115,000, and the sale price, $250,-000. About $79,000 was paid in cash, and $25,000 thereafter out of the proceeds of oil. The corporation paid income tax only upon the payments actually received and was additionally assessed $1,328.13 on the unpaid part. The dispute arises as to the correctness of the additional assessment on the part that has never been received by the corporation. It may be conceded that the difference between the cost price and the sale price, if received during the tax year for which the additional assessment was made, would be income, subject to the tfix
“Siieb net income shall be ascertained by deducting from the gross amount of the.income of such corporation, * * * received withm the year from*459 all sources, (first) all the ordinary and necessary expenses paid within the year in the maintenance and operation of its business and properties, including rentals, etc., “(second) all losses actually sustained within the year and not compensated by insurance or otherwise, including a reasonable allowance for depreciation by use, wear and tear of property, if any.”
In the case of Mutual Benefit Insurance Co. v. Herold, 198 Fed. 199, 215, the District Court of the District of New Jersey, speaking of similar language in the Corporation Tax Daw of 1909 (36 Stat. 112), which also used the word “received,” said:
“This language seems clearly to indicate that the net income, which is the measure of taxation, means what has actually been received, and not that which, although due, has not been received, but its payment for some reason deferred or postponed.”
The language of the act of 1913 with respect to deductions for expenses is “all the ordinary and necessary expenses paid within the year,” and with reference to losses “all losses actually sustained within the year.” In the case of Mutual Benefit Co. v. Herold, supra, the same court said of corresponding language of the act of 1909:
“Since, then, the language of the act is explicit in permitting only such deductions from tho gross income as were actually paid during the current year, it would be strange, indeed, if on the opposite side of the account the company were charged with what it had not received during the current year. No reason appears or has been suggested for so radical and unwarranted a departure. Furthermore the word ‘income’ means, as already shown, that which has come in, and not that which might have come in, but did not. If expenditures mean what has been paid out, or outgoes, then income means what has come in, or receipts.”
“But no instructions of the Treasury Department can enlarge the scope of this statute, so as to impose the income tax upon unpaid charges for services rendered and which, for aught any one can tell, may never be paid.”
What is there said of unpaid services applies with equal force to unpaid purchase money. If a seller accepts the notes of third persons in absolute payment, the rule would be different. But where the ef
In United States v. Schillinger, 14 Blatch. 71, Fed. Cas. No. 16,228, the court said that:
“In the absence- of any special provision of law to the contrary, income must be taken to mean money, and not the expectation of receiving it, or the right to receive it, at a future time.”
In the case of U. S. v. Indianapolis, etc., R. R. Co., 113 U. S. 711—713 (Syl.) 5 Sup. Ct. 716, 28 L. Ed. 1140, the Supreme Court held that:
“Interest on bonds of a * ♦ * corporation earned by the company during the year 1871, but payable by the terms of the coupons January 1, 1872, is not subject to the tax authorized by section 15, Act July 14, 1870 (16 Stat. 260), to be levied and collected for and during the year 1871”
—citing the case of Railroad Co. v. U. S., 101 U. S. 543, 25 L. Ed. 1068.
The general language of the Act of October 3, 1913, is:
“That there shall be levied, assessed, collected, and paid annually upon the entire net income arising or accruing from all sources in the preceding calendar year.”
Upon the authority of the cases quoted from, this language, even though it were not restricted by that of paragraph (b) of subdivision G of the same act, would justify the imposition of the tax only upon income actually received during the tax year, as distinguished from that promised to be paid, but not in fact paid.
This conclusion requires the direction of a verdict for the defendant.