321 F. Supp. 1269 | S.D.N.Y. | 1971
MEMORANDUM
The defendant, Samuel Bronston, has moved herein orally,
With respect to the second count, it revolves around the question of whether the defendant, or companies in which he had an interest, had “an interest in” the aforementioned film. As to this count, defendant’s attorney asserts a key issue will be what the defendant understood the question to mean and his belief that his answers were truthful.
Defendant proposes to show what his dealings with the Spanish Government had been regarding this and other films, the practices of the Spanish Government with respect to transfers of films from the defendant, the nature of defendant’s rights or interests under Spanish law or Spanish practice, and the nature of the defendant’s understanding of what had been done and of his rights under Spanish law.
Certain of the necessary evidence must come from the testimony of officials in Spanish ministries and agencies who are foreign nationals residing outside of the United States and who cannot be subpoenaed for trial. Some, if not all, of the witnesses whom defendant wishes to depose have stated that they would not come to New York but would agree to a deposition in Madrid, Spain. Two of the witnesses whom defendant seeks to depose are in a Spanish agency and, it is alleged, will give testimony which will establish the practice of defendant’s companies in producing documentary films of interest or use to the Spanish Government and giving these films to the Spanish Government. The testimony, it is claimed, will help to establish the background of practice against which the film “Sinfonía Española” was made and against which background the defendant formed his beliefs in connection with the questions and answers which are the subject of the second count.
Five of the other persons whom defendant desires to depose and who are former Government officials in the Spanish Government can, it is asserted, give testimony about the circumstances under which “Sinfonía Española” was made and distributed, and the eighth individual is a character witness who is willing to be deposed in Spain but who is not prepared to come to New York for trial.
Under Rule 15(a) of the Rules of Criminal Procedure, the Court at any time after the filing of an indictment or information may upon motion of a defendant and notice to the parties order that the testimony of a prospective witness be taken by deposition if “it appears that [the] prospective witness may be unable to attend or prevented from attending a trial or hearing, that his testimony is material and that it is necessary to take his deposition in order to prevent a failure of justice, * * *”
Such an order is only granted under exceptional circumstances and, as stated in the Rule, “to prevent a failure of justice.”
On the basis of the authorities cited by defendant,
As already noted, certain of those to be deposed are presently officials of the Spanish Government or formerly occupied such positions, so that it is reasonable to accept the representation that they are unwilling to come to this country to testify. However, there are certain witnesses whom the Court has good reason to believe are unwilling to come to New York unless their expenses are paid. The Court feels it appropriate to observe that the unwillingness of a witness to come to this country unless his expenses are paid does not necessarily mean that he is “unable to attend or prevented from attending” the trial. This observation is pertinent in view of the issue which has been raised herein with respect to the payment of the travel and other expenses incidental to the depositions.
Although the Court has been referred to no case, and has discovered none, in which the Government’s expenses in connection with taking a deposition by defendant in a foreign country were charged to that defendant, it would seem only fair and reasonable that this be done in the instant case. It seems clear that the taking of a deposition under Rule 15(a), especially as in the instant case, on the eve of the trial and the setting of conditions for it are clearly within the trial court’s discretion.
Furthermore, no persuasive reason has been given why diligent counsel could not have arranged for the taking of the depositions in December 1970 when government counsel was in Madrid himself interviewing witnesses.
Defense counsel knew early in October that he would have to take certain depositions abroad, and was informed on November 25, 1970 that government counsel would be in Madrid during the week of December 14, 1970. I am not impressed with defense counsel’s argument that the government counsel should have planned his trip to Spain to suit the convenience of defense counsel and no adequate explanation has been given why defense counsel could not have ascertained the identity of the witnesses in time to permit deposing them in Madrid in December when the government counsel was also there.
The Government’s position is that the defendant’s motion is dilatory and, if granted, the defendant be required to pay the travel expenses of the government counsel plus per diem rate of $17.-00 per day for the period of time spent in Spain.
In light of the foregoing, the Court also feels that the Government’s position is well taken, and the motion pursuant to Rule 15(a) is granted on the following conditions:
(a) That the depositions be commenced during the week of January 11, 1971 and concluded in sufficient time to permit the commencement of the trial on January 25, 1971; and
(b) That the defendant be required to pay the travel expenses of the government attorney plus per diem rate of $17.00 per day for the period of time spent in Spain.
Defendant’s attorney is directed to submit an order in conformity with Rule 28(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure without delay and on three (3) hours’ notice to the Government.
. The Court accepts the application as having been made with the same force and effect as if a formal set of motion papers had been submitted. United States v. Soblen, 203 F.Supp. 542, 568 (S.D.N.Y.1961) aff’d. 301 F.2d 236 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 370 U.S. 944, 82 S.Ct. 1585, 8 L.Ed.2d 810 (1962).
. United States v. Whiting, 308 F.2d 537, 541 (2d Cir. 1962), cert. denied, 372 U.S. 919, 83 S.Ct. 722, 9 L.Ed.2d 718 (1965); United States v. Rosenstein, 303 F.Supp. 210, 212 (S.D.N.Y.1969); United States v. Birrell, 276 F.Supp. 798, 822 (S.D. N.Y.1967); United States v. Hagedorn, 253 F.Supp. 969, 972 (S.D.N.Y.1966).
. Unavailable — United States v. Rosenstein, supra 303 F.Supp. at 212; United States v. Soblen, supra 263 F.Supp. at 569; material and necessary to prevent a failure of justice — United States v. Steel, 359 F.2d 381, 382 (2d Cir. 1966); United States v. Whiting, stipra 308 F.2d at 541; United States v. Broker, 246 F.2d 328, 329 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 355 U.S. 837, 78 S.Ct. 63, 2 L.Ed.2d 49 (1957); United States v. Glessing, 11 F.R.D. 501, 502 (D.Minn.1951); United States v. Ausmeier, 5 F.R.D. 395, 396 (E.D.N.Y.1946).
. United States v. Whiting, supra 308 F.2d at 541; United States v. Figueroa, 298 F.Supp. 1215, 1216 (S.D.N.Y.1969).
. United States v. Wall, 371 F.2d 398 (6th Cir. 1967); United States v. Cobert, 227 F.Supp. 915 (S.D.Cal.1964); United States v. Lattimore. 127 F.Supp. 405 (D.D.C.1955). aff’d, 232 F.2d 334 (1955).
. United States v. Hagedorn, supra 253 F.Supp. at 971.
. United States v. Birrell, 276 F.Supp. supra at 822.
. Cf. United States v. Egorov, 34 F.R.D. 130 (E.D.N.Y.1963).
. United States v. Hayutin, 398 F.2d 944, 954 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 393 U.S. 961, 89 S.Ct. 400, 21 L.Ed.2d 374 (1968). But see Madison-Lewis Inc. v. MacMahon, 299 F.2d 256 (2d Cir. 1962).
. Affidavit of Sheldon H. Elsen, Esq., verified December 7,1970, $ 7.