United States v. Augustine, 53 M.J. 95

United States v. Augustine

53 M.J. 95 | C.A.A.F. | 2000

U.S. v. Augustine UNITED STATES, Appellee

Heath E. AUGUSTINE, Senior Airman
U. S. Air Force, Appellant

No. 98-5026

Crim. App. No. 32792

United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces

Argued November 9, 1999

Decided June 9, 2000

COX, S.J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which CRAWFORD, C.J., and GIERKE and EFFRON, JJ., concurred. SULLIVAN, J., filed an opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part.

Counsel

For Appellant: Major Jeffrey A. Vires (argued); Colonel Douglas H. Kohrt, Lieutenant Colonel Jeanne M. Rueth, and Lieutenant Colonel James R. Wise (on brief).

For Appellee: Major Jennifer R. Rider (argued); Colonel Anthony P. Dattilo, Lieutenant Colonel Ronald A. Rogers, Captain James C. Fraser, and Captain Martin J. Hindel (on brief).

Military Judge: William M. Burd

THIS OPINION IS SUBJECT TO EDITORIAL CORRECTION BEFORE PUBLICATION

Opinion of the Court

Senior Judge COX delivered the opinion of the Court.

Pursuant to his pleas, appellant was convicted by a general court-martial of receiving and possessing depictions of sexually explicit conduct by minors in violation of 18 USC § 2252(a)¹ and of taking indecent liberties with a 6-year-old female, in violation of Article 134, Uniform Code of Military Justice, 10 USC § 934. A military judge sitting alone sentenced him to a bad-conduct discharge, confinement for 3 years, total forfeitures, and reduction to E-1. The convening authority reduced the period of confinement to 2 years in accordance with a pretrial agreement, but otherwise approved the sentence as adjudged. The Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed in an unpublished opinion.

This Court granted review on the following issue:

WHETHER APPELLANTS PLEA TO SPECIFICATION 4 OF THE CHARGE WAS IMPROVIDENT SINCE HIS CONDUCT WAS NOT IN VIOLATION OF 18 USC § 2252(a) AS APPELLANT DID NOT POSSESS THREE OR MORE BOOKS, MAGAZINES, PERIODICALS, FILMS, VIDEO TAPES, OR OTHER MATTER WHICH CONTAIN ILLEGAL IMAGES. We also specified review of the following issue: WHETHER APPELLANT WAS GUILTY OF A LESSER-INCLUDED OFFENSE UNDER ARTICLE 134, CLAUSE 1 OR CLAUSE 2, WITH RESPECT TO SPECIFICATION 4 OF THE CHARGE WHERE HE ADMITTED ALL THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS TO SUCH LESSER-INCLUDED OFFENSE. With respect to the specified issue, we note that, during the providence inquiry, appellant admitted that his possession of three visual depictions of sexually explicit conduct by minors was conduct prejudicial to "good order and discipline in the armed forces." He also admitted his conduct "was of a nature to bring discredit upon the armed forces." His admissions were sufficient to establish his guilt of service-discrediting conduct under Article 134. See United States v. Sapp, No. 99-0260, _____ MJ ____ (2000).²

Article 59(b), UCMJ, 10 USC § 859(b), provides: "Any reviewing authority with the power to approve or affirm a finding of guilty may approve or affirm, instead, so much of the finding as includes a lesser included offense." Consistent with our holding in Sapp,³ also decided this day, we will modify specification 4 to state service-discrediting conduct under Article 134. Because the scope and fundamental nature of the offense is unaltered by the modification of the specification, a return of this case to the Court of Criminal Appeals for a sentence reassessment is not required. In light of the other offenses of which appellant was convicted, we are satisfied that there was no prejudice as to sentence as a consequence of this minor modification. In light of our action, we need not reach the granted issue.

Specification 4 is amended to read as follows:

In that AIRMAN FIRST CLASS HEATH E. AUGUSTINE, United States Air Force, 2^nd Space Warning Squadron, Buckley Air National Guard Base, Colorado, did, at or near Denver, Colorado, on divers occasions between on or about 5 May 1994 and 12 July 1996, wrongfully and knowingly possess three or more visual depictions of minors engaging in sexually explicit conduct. The decision of the United States Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals as to specification 4 as amended; the remaining specifications and Charges; and the sentence are affirmed.

FOOTNOTES:

^{1 The violation
of the federal statute was charged under the Crimes and Offenses Not Capital
Clause of Article 134, Uniform Code of Military Justice, 10 USC §
934.}

² We disagree with the dissent's suggestion that the present case is in the same posture as United States v. Falk, 50 M.J. 385 (1999). In the present case, we can affirm the findings with respect to a lesser-included offense because we conclude that the military judge conducted an adequate providence inquiry covering the elements of the lesser-included offense. By contrast, in Falk the adequacy of the guilty-plea inquiry as to the offense charged was at issue; a lesser offense was not at issue on appeal.

³ This case differs from Sapp because, in that case, the Court of Criminal Appeals, rather than this Court, found the plea provident for the offense of service-discrediting conduct. Essentially, the legal issues are the same. Consequently, our rationale in affirming that conviction applies in this case.

SULLIVAN, Judge (concurring in part and dissenting in part):

I agree with the majority's affirming of Senior Airman Augustines conviction for a violation of Article 134 (service-discrediting conduct) by his act of storing and maintaining numerous sexually explicit images of minor children in three separate files on his personal computer. This crime is similar to what Airman First Class Falk did in a case we heard and decided last Term. United States v. Falk, 50 M.J. 385 (1999). There I stated:

Possession of 126 computer images of child pornography, lasciviously organized into four directories on a personal computer, in government housing on a military post, is per se service discrediting conduct in my view. Affirmance of his conviction for this conduct under Article 134 is warranted. . . . United States v. Falk, 50 MJ at 394 (Sullivan, J., dissenting).

However, it remains a puzzle to me why Augustines and Sapp's convictions are affirmed today and yet Falk's conviction was reversed for essentially the same conduct. I dont understand why my position in dissent, with regard to affirming a lesser-included offense under Article 134, in United States v. Falk, supra, is now adopted by the majority view of this Court. How can the law be applied so unequally?

Moreover, I strongly disagree with the majority's implied holding that Augustine's guilty plea to a violation of the child pornography law, 18 USC § 2252 should not stand. I do not agree that Augustine's admissions were legally insufficient, and I would affirm Augustine's plea to a violation of the child pornography law, 18 USC § 2252. I adhere to my prior stated view in my dissent in United States v. Falk, supra, that the conduct of storing visual depictions of child pornography in three or more computer files on a computer violated 18 USC § 2252.

I further note that recent decisions of other U.S. courts of appeals would easily support a conviction under 18 USC § 2252, in the circumstances of child pornography on multiple computer files on a single computer. See United States v. Vig, 167 F.3d 443, 448 (8^th Cir.), cert. denied, 120 S. Ct. 146, 314 (1999); United States v. Hockings, 129 F.3d 1069 (9^th Cir. 1997); see also United States v. Demerritt, 196 F.3d 138 (2^d Cir. 1999); United States v. Fellows, 157 F.3d 1197, 1201 (9^th Cir. 1998), cert. denied, 120 S. Ct. 133 (1999); United States v. Hall, 142 F.3d 988, 998 (7^th Cir. 1998). The decision of the Court of Criminal Appeals followed this case law in affirming appellants conviction for violating 18 USC § 2252 under Article 134, UCMJ.

As a final point, I want to clear up the confusion that may appear in this area of the law of our Court. United States v. Falk, supra, was published on May 28, 1999, but a confusing order was issued on September 30, 1999, modifying in part the majority opinion. I attach the order to this opinion as an appendix. In my view, Section IIB (50 MJ at 390-92) was the only part of the majority opinion that was withdrawn by the September 30^th order; therefore, the rest of the majority opinion as well as the two dissents in Falk remain in effect.

APPENDIX -- Falk Order
[Appendix in PDF format - requires Adobe Acrobat Reader]

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