UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Anthony PENDER, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 12-6806.
United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.
Decided: March 20, 2013.
Submitted: Feb. 15, 2013.
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Because Ebron did not waive the right to appeal his conviction, we deny the government‘s motion to dismiss in part. We have reviewed the record in accordance with Anders and conclude that Ebron knowingly and voluntarily entered a valid guilty plea. See United States v. DeFusco, 949 F.2d 114, 116, 119-20 (4th Cir.1991). Further, we have found no unwaived meritorious issues for appeal. Accordingly, we affirm Ebron‘s conviction.
This court requires that counsel inform Ebron, in writing, of the right to petition the Supreme Court of the United States for further review. If Ebron requests that a petition be filed, but counsel believes that such a petition would be frivolous, then counsel may move in this court for leave to withdraw from representation. Counsel‘s motion must state that a copy thereof was served on Ebron. We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before this court and argument would not aid the decisional process.
DISMISSED IN PART; AFFIRMED IN PART.
Before NIEMEYER, MOTZ, and KING, Circuit Judges.
Vacated and remanded by unpublished PER CURIAM opinion.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
PER CURIAM:
Anthony Pender appeals from the denial of his
To succeed on his ineffective assistance claim, Pender must show that: (1) counsel‘s failures fell below an objective standard of reasonableness and (2) counsel‘s deficient performance was prejudicial. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). The Supreme Court recently addressed the standard for showing ineffective assistance during the plea bargaining stage in Lafler v. Cooper, — U.S. —, 132 S.Ct. 1376, 182 L.Ed.2d 398 (2012), and Missouri v. Frye, — U.S. —, 132 S.Ct. 1399, 182 L.Ed.2d 379 (2012). In Lafler, the Court held that the Sixth Amendment right to counsel applies to the plea bargaining process and prejudice occurs when, absent deficient advice, the defendant would have accepted a plea that would have resulted in a less severe conviction, sentence, or both. Lafler, 132 S.Ct. at 1384-85. In Frye, the Supreme Court held that a component of the Sixth Amendment right to counsel in the plea bargaining context is that counsel has a duty to communicate any offers from the Government to his client. Frye, 132 S.Ct. at 1408.
In
Here, the district court recognized that an issue of fact existed. Specifically, Pender averred that his attorney failed to seek a plea bargain even though the evidence against him was quite strong and he faced a mandatory life sentence if convicted. Without submitting an affidavit from defense counsel or the Assistant United States Attorney, the Government responded that Pender was in fact offered a beneficial plea agreement but he turned it down.1 The court concluded that, regardless of how the factual dispute was re-
When the district court decided Pender‘s motion, it had before it Pender‘s sworn assertion that his counsel failed to pursue a plea agreement when faced with a very weak case for trial and a mandatory life sentence upon conviction. The court also had the Government‘s unsworn, unauthenticated assertion that Pender had been offered a plea agreement that he personally rejected. The district court correctly noted that there is no constitutional right to a plea agreement and that the decision to initiate plea negotiations is a strategic decision within the purview of defense counsel. See Weatherford v. Bursey, 429 U.S. 545, 561, 97 S.Ct. 837, 51 L.Ed.2d 30 (1977); Hawkman v. Parratt, 661 F.2d 1161, 1171 (8th Cir.1981). However, counsel is still required to be a “reasonably effective advocate” regarding the decision to seek a plea bargain. Brown v. Doe, 2 F.3d 1236, 1246 (2d Cir.1993). Thus, if Pender could show, as he alleged, that there was no reasoned strategy to his attorney‘s decision not to pursue a plea bargain, we conclude that Pender would have satisfied the first Strickland prong and shown that his attorney‘s actions were unreasonable.
The record in this case showed that drugs and a firearm were found in Pender‘s bedroom closet, a closet which contained his possessions. Pender‘s defense at trial to charges of possession with intent to distribute the drugs and possession of the firearm was that his girlfriend had access to and shared the closet with him and the drugs and firearm could have just as easily been hers. See United States v. Pender, 261 Fed.Appx. 576 (4th Cir.2008) (unpublished). While counsel may have reasonably believed that this defense was strong enough to forego pursuing a plea bargain even with a mandatory life sentence on the line, there is no affidavit from counsel in the record, and the district court was then left to guess at counsel‘s motives and strategy, if any.
While counsel does not have a general duty to initiate plea negotiations, here there is no evidence that counsel was acting reasonably or strategically, and the decision to forego plea bargaining exposed Pender to a mandatory life sentence. We find that the record and Pender‘s presumably true allegations considered together were sufficient to raise a material issue of fact as to whether Pender‘s attorney‘s actions were unreasonable in failing to pursue plea negotiations.2 Moreover, this is a unique case because the Government concedes that a plea bargain with a beneficial sentence would have been (or was) offered had counsel pursued it. As such, assuming his attorney unreasonably failed to pursue plea bargaining and given that Pender avers that he would have accepted such a plea, Pender has shown that he was prejudiced by his attorney‘s actions.
Thus, we vacate the district court‘s order and remand so that the district court can either hold a hearing or otherwise further develop the record before ruling. We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before
VACATED AND REMANDED.