UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Manuel ENCEE, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 00-2733.
United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.
July 19, 2001.
Rehearing Denied: Sept. 6, 2001.
256 F.3d 852
Collings’ argument is essentially that the “determining factor” element of the instruction does not require a jury to find she acted with the purpose to discriminate. Taking the record as a whole and viewing it in light of the evidence and applicable law, we find the above instruction was sufficient to convey to the jury that unless Collings’ actions were intentional, Phillips could not recover. See Karcher v. Emerson Elec. Co., 94 F.3d 502, 509 (8th Cir. 1996) (holding instruction “plaintiff‘s sex was a motivating factor in defendant‘s decision” sufficiently conveyed to the jury specific intent).4 Thus, Collings suffered no prejudice from the absence of more detailed instructions, and we find no reversible error.
Accordingly, the district court‘s ruling is affirmed.
Karen M. Shanahan, argued, Omaha, NE, for appellant.
Robert Christopher Sigler, argued, for appellee.
BEFORE: MCMILLIAN and JOHN R. GIBSON, Circuit Judges, and LAUGHREY,1 District Judge.
After a jury trial, Manuel Encee was convicted of conspiracy to distribute methamphetamine. Mr. Encee contends that the district court2 erred by denying his motion for a mistrial, and by assessing a two point enhancement for Mr. Encee‘s role in the offense. We affirm.
Near the beginning of a three day trial, the officer who arrested Mr. Encee testified that a bag of drugs had been found in the basement of Mr. Encee‘s house. At the time of his arrest, Mr. Encee was told that his fingerprints were on the bag. The officer testified that Mr. Encee did not deny that the fingerprints were his. The prosecutor then asked the following question: “When you mentioned the statement you took from Mr. Encee, you mentioned his demeanor. How did you take that, his reaction?” The officer responded, “His refusal to deny the fingerprint, it appeared guilt—it appeared to imply guilt on his part.” Defense counsel objected to the officer‘s statement and moved to strike it. Initially, the district court overruled the
It is within the discretion of the district judge to grant or deny a motion for mistrial and the decision will be reviewed only for an abuse of discretion. U.S. v. Gladfelter, 168 F.3d 1078, 1082 (8th Cir.1999). The government concedes that the arresting officer‘s statement was improper, so the only question before us is whether the curative instruction given by the district court was sufficient. “The admission of allegedly prejudicial testimony is ordinarily cured by an instruction to the jury to disregard the testimony.” U.S. v. Nelson, 984 F.2d 894, 897 (8th Cir.1993). Whether a curative instruction is sufficient must be evaluated in the context of the entire trial, including the strength of the government‘s evidence. U.S. v. Maza, 93 F.3d 1390, 1397 (8th Cir.1996).
Mr. Encee‘s trial was short, so the lapse of time between the improper statement and the curative instruction was not so long as to require a mistrial. There was also substantial evidence to support Mr. Encee‘s conviction. He was moving into the house where the drugs were found. Moments before the search, Mr. Encee was observed leaving the residence. Coconspirators testified that Mr. Encee delivered drugs to three different people on the day of his arrest and was observed carrying the green bag containing the drugs which was later found by the police officers in the basement of his house. Given the strength of the government‘s case, it is unlikely that the jury would have been swayed by the arresting officer‘s opinion about Mr. Encee‘s guilt. In fact, defense counsel on cross examination confirmed what most jurors would expect even in the absence of the officer‘s testimony. When the arresting officer detained Mr. Encee, he believed Mr. Encee was guilty.
This situation is distinguishable from U.S. v. St. Clair, 855 F.2d 518 (8th Cir. 1988). In that case a police officer volunteered that the defendant had refused to take a polygraph test. We held that a curative instruction was insufficient, because the credibility of the defendant was crucial and the officer‘s statement about the polygraph test would necessarily influence the jury. In contrast, the arresting officer‘s conclusion about Mr. Encee‘s guilt was not critical to the outcome of the case and would have been readily inferred by the jury even if the officer had not volunteered his opinion.
Mr. Encee also contends that the district court improperly increased his offense level under
The district court‘s decision to impose the two level increase under
The judgment is AFFIRMED.
JOHN R. GIBSON, Circuit Judge, concurring specially.
While I concur in the result the court reaches today, I am deeply troubled about the testimony of the officer that gives rise to the primary allegation of error.
There actually was a fingerprint, and the officer told Encee that his matched. The officers did not have Encee‘s fingerprint. The officer said “this is often a technique that we use while interrogating suspects to get their reaction.” The officer admitted that he lied about the fingerprint either on the dope, or somewhere around it, and Encee was shocked when he said he had his fingerprints.
This was followed by the assistant district attorney‘s question: “You mentioned his demeanor. How did you take that, his reaction?” The officer answered, “His refusal to deny the fingerprint, it appeared guilt it appeared to imply guilt on his part.”
I would be remiss to fail to comment on this conduct of the officer in testifying, and the admitted lie. In a close case, this could create significant problems for the prosecution.
I also have troubling concerns that justice would have been better served had the objections been dealt with more promptly at trial rather than just before the case was submitted to the jury.