Donald Deavault appeals his conviction for carjacking and use of a firearm in relation to a crime of violence in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2119(a) and 924(c)(1). Deavault argues there was insufficient evidence to convict, the district court 1 abused its discretion by denying his post-trial motion for a new trial based upon newly discovered evidence the government had improperly withheld, and the court erred in not suppressing evidence of the victim’s impermissibly suggestive pretrial identification and her unreliable in-court identification. We affirm.
I. Sufficiency of the Evidence
At about 8:30 p.m. on February 21, 1998, medical student Kara Ann Cummins returned to her car after shopping at the Galleria Mall in Richmond Heights, Missouri. She put her packages in the back seat. As she opened the driver’s side door, she was attacked from behind. The armed assailant pushed her across to the passenger side and drove to a Mall exit, holding Cummins with his right hand and warning her not to leave the car. When the car stopped at the stoplight at the Mali’s perimeter, Cummins managed to fight off the carj acker, open the passenger door, and roll to safety before the ear drove away. Though the carj acker put a scarf over his face once they were in the car, Cummins testified that she got a close-up look at his face during their initial struggle. She gave the police a detailed description later that evening, picked Dea-vault out of a six-person photo lineup the morning of February 23, and unequivocally identified him as her assailant at trial. In addition, the government introduced evidence that Deavault was in possession of the stolen car before it was recovered the next day, and that he made incriminating statements when arrested in early May.
On appeal, Deavault argues this evidence was insufficient to prove that he was the armed carj acker. When sufficiency of the government’s evidence is challenged, we review the trial evidence in the light most favorable to the jury’s verdict. See
United States v. Willis,
II. The New Trial Motion
At trial, the defense called three witnesses who placed Deavault at his residence the entire afternoon and evening of the carjacking. In rebuttal, the government called Renee Farwell, who testified that Deavault was in a group of young African-American males who approached the Arby’s restaurant counter in the food court at the Galleria Mall between 3:00 and 3:30 p.m. on the afternoon of February 21, some five hours before the carjacking. According to Farwell, three of the group asked for and filled out job applications. After the trial but before sentencing, Dea-vault moved for a new trial on the ground *929 that the videotape of a surveillance camera in the Mall’s food court showed that no group of African-American males came to the Arby’s counter between 2:00 and 4:00 p.m. that day. The district court held an evidentiary hearing on this motion. Dea-vault presented testimony by the defense investigator who had obtained and watched the tape; the government presented testimony by the Galleria Mall employee responsible for the video surveillance system, who had also watched the tape. Commenting that “[t]he evidence of guilt was very strong,” the district court denied the motion, concluding that Deavault “fails in his burden to show that he is entitled to a new trial based upon what is classified as newly-discovered evidence.”
On appeal, Deavault seeks to augment this newly discovered evidence issue by arguing that the government violated
Brady v. Maryland,
We conclude the government did not violate
Brady
because the videotape evidence was not suppressed. During pretrial discovery, the government provided police reports revealing the existence of Mall surveillance tapes from the day in question. The defense subpoenaed tapes of the outside area where the carjacking occurred but not tapes of areas inside the Mall, even though the defense investigator interviewed Farwell and learned the substance of her later testimony. “Evidence is not suppressed if the defendant has access to the evidence prior to trial by the exercise of reasonable diligence.”
United States v. Stuart,
For the same reason, the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Deavault’s motion for new trial based upon newly discovered evidence. Newly discovered evidence does not warrant a new trial if the failure to discover it before trial was “attributable to a lack of due diligence on the part of the movant.”
Ryan,
III. The Identification Evidence
After St. Louis police officers recovered the victim’s car, Richmond Heights Detective Michael Brown, who had interviewed Cummins the night of the carjacking, showed Cummins a spread of six photographs. The photos were of Deavault, three African-American males who were in or around the car when it was recovered, and two randomly selected African-American males who resembled Deavault. Cummins identified Deavault as her assailant. At trial, both Cummins and Brown described this pretrial identification, and Cummins also made an unequivocal in-court identification. Deavault argues the district court erred in not suppressing this evidence because the three men who were in or around the car do not look like Deavault, and therefore the photo lineup was impermissibly suggestive. We disagree.
In conducting the photo lineup, Detective Brown had two legitimate pur
*930
poses — to find out whether the victim could either identify
or exclude
each of the four suspects. To accomplish both objectives, he had to show Cummins photos of all four, whether or not they resembled each other. Perhaps a more perfect procedure would have been to construct a photo lineup spread for each of the four suspects and show the four spreads sequentially. But the law does not require perfect identification procedures, only the absence of any procedure so impermissibly suggestive that it “created a very substantial likelihood of irreparable misidentification.”
United States v. Triplett,
The judgment of the district court is affirmed. Deavault’s pro se motion to compel is denied.
Notes
. The HONORABLE E. RICHARD WEBBER, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Missouri.