180 F. 500 | U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Eastern Louisiana | 1910
In this case the petitioner prays for a writ of habeas corpus to discharge her .from the custody of the commissioner of immigration at the port of New Orleans. The undisputed facts are as follows:
The petitioner arrived at the port of New Orleans from Cuba, and was duly examined by an immigrant inspector touching her right to land. He, not being satisfied she was entitled to enter the country, ordered her held for the action of a -board of special .inquiry. In due time the board met and denied her admission, on the ground that she was liable to become a public charge. Thereafter, on appeal to the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, the decision of the board was affirmed. This board was composed of three immigrant inspectors,. •one of whom was the identical inspector who had denied her admission. In all other respects her examination and detention appears to have been in conformity with law, and if the board was properly constituted I would have no jurisdiction to inquire into the case.
Congress has seen fit to vest the final decision as to the right of aliens to enter the country in the Department of Commerce and Labor, but that department is governed by certain rules and regulations which must be strictly construed in conformity with the. eternal principles of justice and right. Immigration Act Feb. 20, 1907, c. 1134, § 24, 34 Stat. 906 (U. S. Comp. St. Supp. 1909, p. 461), provides that an alien coming to the United States shall be examined by an immigration inspector touching his right to land. As a matter -of fact his admission is largely in the discretion of this officer. But if the examining inspector is dissatisfied, or the alien’s right to enter is challenged by any other immigration officer, he must be held for further examination by a board of special inquiry. Section 25 provides that boards of special inquiry shall consist of three immigration officials, except that, at ports where there are fewer than three immigration inspectors, other United States officials may be designated to serve on such board.
It is urged by the respondent that there are but three immigrant inspectors at this port, and therefore it is necessary that they all serve upon every board of special inquiry, and, there being not less than three, no other United States officer can be designated to serve on such board. I do not agree with this contention. The law should be construed to mean that, in all cases where there are not three immigration officers eligible to serve, then other United States officers may be designated.
It is fundamental in American jurisprudence that every person is -entitled to a fair trial by an impartial tribunal, and a board of special ■inquiry constituted as in this case is at least open to suspicion. I do
On the merits of the case the facts are with the relator. Her husband is already in the country. She has proven to my satisfaction, by witnesses whose veracity I have no reason to doubt, that she was legally married to him in Cuba. They both appear to be strong, healthy, and intelligent. The husband is employed and earning daily wages, small, it is true, but sufficient to prevent the couple becoming public charges.
The writ will be made absolute, and the relator will be discharged from custody.
