90 F. Supp. 868 | E.D. Pa. | 1950
This case involves an application for a writ of habeas corpus.
In support of the claimed Constitutional violation, he alleges the following facts, in his application: (1) the Pennsylvania State Police, without warrants of arrest or search, arrested him in the State of New Jersey, searched his home near Egg Harbor and seized his personal property and effects
At the hearing on the rule to show cause, the applicant proffered evidence which, if believed, tended to show that the cruel treatment he received at the hands of the State Police, the written confession and the intimidation of the court-appointed counsel induced him to plead guilty to four indictments charging him respectively with murder, kidnapping, burglary and extortion.
Ordinarily irregularities in obtaining evidence or the unlawfulness of the detention of a prisoner by state authorities are considered immaterial when he pleads guilty in open court. Thus when such a plea is made, the lawfulness of the deten
Pennsylvania, as it must,
The applicant professes to have pursued his State remedies. We think he lias done so in form only. No allegations appear in the petition filed in the State Supreme Court to the effect that the cruel treatment inflicted upon him, the forced written confession, and the intimidation of the court-appointed counsel were the factors inducing him to plead guilty to four indictments in the Court of Oyer & Terminer of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania.
Argument may be made that since the Supreme Court of the United States denied certiorari, the State Courts will refuse to entertain a second petition for a writ of habeas corpus. A second petition may be turned down, but we think it will not be for the above reason.
In the instant case, however, one need not venture too far into the realm of speculation to ascertain one of the reasons why the vote of four or more Justices of the Supreme Court was not cast in favor of allowing certiorari. That court did not have before it a copy of the petition for the writ of habeas corpus filed in the State Court. Thus it seems fairly apparent that the Supreme Court could not determine, except by granting the application for the writ of certiorari, whether that petition had been denied purely on state grounds or on federal law. If our Supreme Court shows a great regard for the distribution of judicial power between it and the highest courts of the states, the federal district courts should be even more alert to do so. The additional federal question injected into this case not having been posed in the State Court, the latter should be given an opportunity to answer it if and when it is properly presented to it.
Accordingly, the application for a writ of habeas corpus is denied without prejudice so that the applicant may pursue in Pennsylvania, by appropriate procedure and through proper channels, the claim he makes here.
. 28 U.S.C.A. § 2241 confers upon the Federal district courts power to grant the writ in proper cases.
. Major Lynn G. Adams, Superintendent of the Pennsylvania State Police at the time of the applicant’s arrest, testified in this court that they were acting under the authority of the United States Postal Inspectors.
. Foreclosing a defendant from offering evidence or cross-examining state witnesses at a post-verdict hearing for the state court’s benefit in determining what sentence should be imposed does not violate the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Williams v. New York, 1949, 337 U.S. 241, 69 S.Ct. 1079, 93 L.Ed. 1337, noted in 23 Temple L.Q. 232. (1950).
. See Young v. Regan, 1949, 337 U.S. 235, 238, 69 S.Ct. 1073, 93 L.Ed. 1333.
. (a) By appeal to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania from judgments of courts of inferior jurisdiction: 17 P.S. §§ 41, 91; (b) By petition for writs of habeas corpus to the judges of the Supreme and Superior Court of Pennsylvania: 17 P. S. §§ 48, 181; and (c) By petition for writs of habeas corpus to the appropriate Court of Common Pleas with the right to appeal to the Superior Court and ultimately to the Supreme Court: 12 P.S. § 1871.
. With respect to Ms plea of guilty, the following allegations were made in the petition: “13. According to the notes of testimony on November 17, 1920, your petitioner appeared in Court with his Attorney, Mr. Anderson — court appointed— and the taking of testimony began after the entry of a plea of guilty on the part of your petitioner’s attorney.” “14. On November 20, 1920, your petitioner was taken into court and in the presence of his attorney, Mr. Anderson, he was sentenced to Life Imprisonment on the kidnapping charge, the other charges were suspended”. In Commonwealth ex rel. Milewski v. Ashe, 362 Pa. 48, at page 50, 66 A.2d 281 at page 283, the court said: “The writ can issue only where the application contains allegations which, if true, show his illegal detention.”
. Likelihood, of an adverse judgment in the ■ state court does not justify a federal district court in granting the writ. Mooney v. Holohan, 1935, 294 U.S. 103, 55 S.Ct. 340, 79 L.Ed. 791, 98 A.L.R. 406.
. Note, The Freedom Writ — The Expanding Use of Federal Habeas Corpus, 61 Harvard L.Rev. 657, 670-673 (1948).