117 F.2d 769 | D.C. Cir. | 1940
Appellants, Josephine Jump and James Strikeaxe, are the children of Bennie Strikeaxe, a deceased Osage Indian. They instituted this mandamus proceeding against the Secretary of the Interior to establish, as sole heirs of their father, a claim to an allotment of the tribal lands and funds, as provided in the Osage Allotment Act of June 28, 1906,
Enough has been said to show that the Act of June 28, 1906, fixed the previous January 1st as the time when each member of the tribe obtained the individual, alienable, descendible interest in the property of the tribe to which he was entitled under the statutory scheme of distribution. The members of the tribe whose names appeared on the December, 1905, roll — which was the latest record in existence on January 1st — but who had died between the making of that roll and January 1st, were for reasons which we shall set out more fully hereafter not intended to be included as allottees, and the agency roll, if kept current, would have shown only the names of those members living on January 1st. In this view, the question we have to decide is whether the fact that Bennie Strike-axe’s name was on the roll is of itself, without more, sufficient to warrant the granting of appellants’ prayer.
The Secretary appeared and moved to dismiss the petition on the grounds (1) that the Act of June 28, 1906, made the roll approved by the Secretary final and deprived the court of jurisdiction to change it; (2) that the petition is bad because it fails to allege that Bennie Strikeaxe was in- fact alive on January 1, 1906, or that any records show that he was alive on that date; (3) that the petition is bad because of failure to join all members of the Osage tribe as parties defendant; and (4) that the petition is without equity in that the tribal roll which it seeks to open and reform has been held final ever since 1908 and has been the basis on which the tribal lands have been allotted and many millions of tribal funds have been distributed over a period of 29 years. The trial court dismissed.
To sustain the dismissal, the Secretary relies principally upon our holding in Ickes v. Pattison,
But such relief is not granted as of right, and may be refused for reasons comparable to those which would lead a court of equity, in the exercise of a sound discretion, to withhold its protection of an undoubted legal right. United States v. Dern, 289 U.S. 352, 359, 53 S.Ct. 614, 77 L.Ed 1250. Here, as we have seen, appellants’ rights depend upon the establishment of their father’s right, which depends in turn upon the fact that he was alive on January 1, 1906. Ickes v. Pattison, supra. If he died prior to January 1st his rights in the tribal property died with him. This was the contemporaneous construction of the Act by the Department and, though the Act has since been amended and various of its provisions changed, the Department’s interpretation has remained unquestioned, and was quoted and approved by us in Ickes v. Pattison, supra. And see also Wilbur v. United States ex rel. Kadrie, supra. This being so, the mere retention of a name on the rolls, whether under a departmental rule or from inadvertence or mistake or lack of knowledge on the part of the agent of the fact of death, should not foreclose all inquiry on the vital question on which the right depends. While it is true that the literal language used by Congress made the roll existing on January first conclusive except for fraud, nevertheless it is perfectly manifest that Congress had no purpose of recreating rights in the estate of a dead man which had been terminated by his death. And in this aspect, if the government had answered the petition — which in cases of this nature is the preferable course — and had denied that Bennie Strikeaxe was alive on January first the burden of showing the contrary would have devolved on appellants, and without such a showing they would have been out of court. As it is, the petition does not allege that Strikeaxe was alive on January first, and while the record contains no assertion by the Secretary that he was not, both the oral argument and the briefs refer to a pencil notation on the copy of the December, 1905, roll kept in the Osage Indian Agency in Oklahoma, that he had died December 28, 1905.
The decree below is, therefore, affirmed without prejudice.
Affirmed.
34 Stat. 539:
“Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the roll of the Osage tribe of Indians, as shown by the records of the United States in the office of the United States Indian agent at the Osage Agency, Oklahoma Territory, as it existed on the first day of January, .nineteen hundred and six, and all children born between January first, nineteen hundred and six, and July first, nineteen hundred and seven, to persons whose names are on said roll on January first, nineteen hundred and six, and all children whose names are not now on said roll, but who were born to members of the tribe whose names were on the said roll on January first, nineteen hundred and six, including the children of members of the tribe who have, or have had, white husbands, is hereby declared to be the roll of said tribe and to constitute the legal membership thereof: Provided, That the principal chief of the Osages shall, within three months from and after the approval of this Act, file with the Secretary of the Interior a list of the names which the tribe claims were placed upon the roll by fraud, but no name shall be included in said list of any person or his descendants that was placed on said roll prior to the thirty-first day of December, eighteen hundred and eighty-one, the date of the adoption of the Osage constitution, and the Secretary of the Interior, as early as practicable, shall carefully investigate such eases and shall determine which of said persons, if any, are entitled to enrollment; but the tribe must affirmatively show what names have been placed upon said roll by fraud; but where .the rights of persons to enrollment to the Osage roll have been investigated by the Interior Department and it has been determined by the Secretary of the Interior that such persons were entitled to enrollment, their names shall not be stricken from the roll for fraud except upon newly discovered evidence; and the Secretary of the Interior shall have authority to' place on the Osage roll the names of all persons found by him, after investigation, to be so entitled, whose applications were ponding on the date of the approval of this Act; and the said Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized to strike from the said roll the names of persons or their descendants which he finds were placed thereon by or through .fraud, and the said roll as above provided, after the revision and approval of the Secretary of the Interior, as herein provided, shall constitute the approved roll 'of said tribe; and the action of the Secretary of the Interior in the revision of the roll as herein provided shall be final, and the provisions of the Act of Congress of August fifteenth, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, Twenty-Eighth Statutes at Large, page three hundred and five, granting persons of Indian blood who have been denied allotments the right to appeal to the courts, are hereby repealed as far as the same relate to the Osage Indians; and the tribal lands and tribal funds of said tribe shall be equally 'divided among the members of said tribe as hereinafter provided.
* * * * *
“Sec. 6. That the lands, moneys, and mineral interests, herein provided for, of any deceased member of the Osage tribe shall descend to his or her legal heirs, according to the laws of the Territory of Oklahoma, or of the State in which said reservation may be hereinafter incorporated, except where the decedent leaves no issue, nor husband nor wife, in which ease said lands, moneys, and mineral interests must go to the mother and father equally.”
Taylor v. Tayrien, 10 Cir., 51 F.2d 884, 887; Wilbur v. United States ex rel. Kadrie, 281 U.S. 206, 216, 50 S.Ct. 320, 74 L.Ed. 809; Gritts v. Fisher, 224 U.S. 640, 642, 32 S.Ct. 580, 56 L.Ed. 928; Sizemore v. Brady, 235 U.S. 441, 446, 35 S.Ct. 135, 59 L.Ed. 308; La Roque v. United States, 239 U.S. 62, 68, 36 S.Ct. 22, 60 L.Ed. 147.
65 App.D.C. 116, 80 F.2d 708.
“ * * * and the said roll as above provided, after the revision and approval of the Secretary of the Interior, as herein provided, shall constitute the approved roll of said tribe; and the action of the Secretary of the Interior in the revision of the roll as herein provided shall be final, and the provisions of the Aet of Congress of August fifteenth, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, Twenty-Eighth Statutes at Large, page three hundred and five, granting persons of Indian blood ■who have been denied allotments the right to appeal to the courts, are hereby repealed as far as the same relate to the Osage Indians; * * (Italics supplied.)
28 Stat. 305, 25 U.S.C.A. § 345.
This fact appears more fully in the opinion of the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals in Jump v. Ellis, 100 F.2d 130, which both parties refer to in briefs and discussed in argument at the bar.