160 F.2d 92 | 7th Cir. | 1947
Appellant, an alien, appeals from an order dismissing his petition for a writ of habeas corpus, arising out of an order ,of deportation issued December 7, 1933, on the ground that appellant was in the United States in violation of 8 U.S.'C.A. § 136(c) and § 155(a).
This is appellant’s second appeal. Notwithstanding that the court in the first appeal, Dukas v. Zurbrick, 6 Cir., 56 F.2d 518, 519, held that “A full hearing was given to appellant and no irregularity or
In the District Court appellant did not testify in his own behalf. In that court the evidence consisted of the record made before the immigration inspector and a stipulation of facts to the effect that from 1922 to 1933, at appellant’s request, the deportation order was not executed because appellant was plaintiff in certain litigation.
An examination of the record thus made discloses that prior to March' 1, 1922, a complaint had been made as to the character of the places appellant was operating and that he was not a citizen, and that on March 1, 1922, appellant stated-to the immigration inspector that at the time' of his last entry into the United States he was an alien and was afflicted with gonorrhea. ■ A warrant of arrest was issued by the assistant Secretary of Labor on March 2, 1922, reciting: “Whereas, from evidence submitted to me, it appears that the alien Theodore Doukas * * * has been found in the United States in violation of the Immigration Act of February 5, 1917, for the following among other reasons: ‘That he was afflicted with gonorrhea, a Loathsome Contagious disease, át the time of his entry.’ ”
On March 2, 1922, a hearing was conducted by the immigration inspector who had .made the application for the warrant of arrest. At this hearing the inspector advised appellant of his right to be represented by counsel and the hearing was continued to permit appellant to obtain counsel. The hearing was resumed on March 10, 1922; appellant was present and wás represented by Emil W. ■ Colunabo, his attorney. The warrant oí arrest was read to appellant, and he was informed that the purpose of the hearing was to afford him the opportunity to show cause why he should not be deported to the country from whence he came. During the hearing appellant was charged with having violated § 155(a) of the Act and his counsel was advised that he could offer, if he desired, a defense to the charge.
Thereupon evidence was offered on behalf of the Immigration Service to the effect that during 1921 appellant had conducted a rooming house habitually frequented by prostitutes or where prostitutes would gather; that he was an alien, a native of Greece, who entered the United States in October, 1910; and that he has lived in the United States since that time with the exception of a few short trips to Windsor, Ontario, Canada, from Detroit, Michigan,, the .last trip being in August of 1918 when he went to Windsor for treatment for gonorrhea, after which, while afflicted with gonorrhea, he entered the United States at the port of Detroit, Michigan.
At the hearing of March 10, 1922, appellant testified that he was an alien, a nátive of Greece, and that during the summer of 1918 he went to Windsor, Canada, where he was treated for gonorrhea, and introduced the testimony of four witnesses. Subsequently, at the request of appellant’s counsel, the hearing was reopened and another witness testified in appellant’s behalf.
Appellant says he was not afforded a fair hearing because a new charge was added during the course of the warrant proceedings.
It appears that appellant made no objection to the filing of the additional charge. He had ample opportunity to meet the charge and he offered, in defense, the testimony of witnesses, hence the hearing was not unfair. Di Tomasso v. Martineau, 2 Cir., 97 F.2d 503.
Appellant also contends that the warrant of arrest was based upon a statement obtained from him while he was in jail; that a statement of one Marie Athan was improperly received in evidence; and that the immigration inspector was not an unbiased fact-finder.
True, in the case of Bridges v. Wixon, 326 U.S. 135, 65 S.Ct. 1443, 89 L.Ed. 2103, it was held that statements received in evidence in violation of the Immigration Service regulations were sufficient
In this case, as before noted, appellant testified that he was an alien, and that during the summer of 1918 he went to Windsor, Canada, and was there treated for gonorrhea. The record shows that Athan testified as a government witness and that she was cross-examined by appellant’s counsel. It also appears that these proceedings were conducted under the Immigration Rules of May 1, 1917, which did not prohibit the use of ex parte statements. Moreover, no objection was made to the use of the statements, and there is no evidence tending to show bias or prejudice on the part of the fact-finder.
We think these facts distinguish our case from Bridges v. Wixon, supra, and that under these circumstances no action of the immigration inspector resulted in a denial of justice, Reynolds v. United States, ex rel. Dean, 7 Cir., 68 F.2d 346; Low Wah Sucy v. Backus, 225 U.S. 460, 32 S.Ct. 734, 56 L.Ed. 1165; and Bilokumsky v. Tod, supra, and we would not be justified in disturbing the findings he reached after a fair consideration of all the evidence.
The point is made that § 136(c) of the Act providing that persons afflicted with a loathsome or dangerous contagious disease shall be excluded from admission into the United States, does not apply to appellant because, as he says, he was not an immigrant on August 1, 1918.
This contention need not be discussed except to say that in the case of Volpe v. Smith, 289 U.S. 422, 53 S.Ct. 665, 77 L.Ed. 1298, the petitioner, who had made a brief visit to Cuba, offered a like contention, but the court held that the second coming of an alien from a foreign country into the United States is an entry within the acceptation of the word. See also Siegel v. Reimer, D.C., 23 F.Supp. 643.
Finally it is urged that because of the delay in the execution of the deportation warrant, the warrant is now invalid.
What constitutes a reasonable time for detention for deportation depends upon the facts. Moraitis v. Delany, D.C., 46 F.Supp. 425; Consola v. Karnuth, D.C., 63 F.Supp. 727; and Seif v. Nagle, 9 Cir., 14 F.2d 416. In our case appellant was released on bond and from 1922 to 1931, at his request, execution of the warrant was delayed. Thereafter he filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus and when his case was affirmed (56 F.2d 518) he breached his bond. From 1932 to 1939 it was impossible to effect his deportation because he failed to advise the Immigration Service of his whereabouts. In 1939, after he had been apprehended, he was again released on bond, but because of the war, deportation was not practical. In this state of the record we are of the opinion that the warrant is not without force; on the contrary, it is valid.
Affirmed.
