47 F.2d 95 | 5th Cir. | 1931
Willard E. Campbell was remanded to the penitentiary after hearing on habeas corpus, and appeals. The facts are as follows: On May 17, 1929, Campbell filed a plea of guilty to an indictment charging violation of section 37 of the Penal Codo (18 USCA § 88). The original minute of that date, after reciting arraignment and plea, continues: “And now the defendant Willard Campbell being-asked by the court if he had anything to say ■why sentence of the law should not be pronounced against him, and saying nothing sufficient, it is considered by the coivrl that the United States of America do have and recover of you, Willard Campbell, the sum of $500.00, as fine imposed herein without costs and it is further ordered that you be delivered by the Marshal for this District to the Warden or other proper officer of the United States Penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia, and that you he there confined for a full term and period of two years, beginning from the dale of your delivery to said penitentiary. It is further ordered that the sentence of two years in the United States Penitentiary be suspended upon payment of the fine of $500.00.” Campbell paid the $500 and was released. On July 25, 1929, he was arrested and brought before the court for inquiry into his conduct since the sentence; the proceedings, reciting, “which sentence was suspended by the court upon the payment of the fine of
As to the first point, the words “it is considered by the court” are the technical common-law phrase of judgment. 3 Blk. Com. p. 396; 8 Cyc. p. 586(13). When they follow the recital of a plea or verdict of guilty and introduce a sentence thereupon, they import a judgment of regular conviction, and no additional judgment of guilt is necessary. Davis v. Utah, 151 U. S. 262, 14 S. Ct. 328, 38 L. Ed. 153; Pointer v. United States, 151 U. S. at page 418, 14 S. Ct. 410, 38 L. Ed. 208; Demolli v. United States (C. C. A.) 144 F. 363, 6 L. R. A. (N. S.) 424, 7 Ann. Cas. 121; 16 C. J. § 3012, 3074.
On the second point, if the sentence had stood as first entered by the clerk, it was lawful and valid in so far as it imposed imprisonment, but unlawful because beyond the authority of the court in so far as it was attempted to indefinitely suspend it. The judge might be required by mandamus to eliminate such suspension. Ex parte United States, 242, U. S. 27, 37 S. Ct. 72, 61 L. Ed. 129, L. R. A. 1917E, 1178, Ann. Cas. 1917B, 355. It follows that without mandamus he could, as he later did, the defendant being present, eliminate the attempted suspension and order commitment to the penitentiary.
But in the proceeding ordering the commitment it was recited, and apparently not controverted by Campbell, that the suspension was not an unlawful indefinite suspension, but one followed by a parole to the marshal (probation evidently being meant) on condition of good behavior. Afterwards, Campbell being absent from the state and in the penitentiary, and without notice to him, the court ordered a correction of the judgment entry to correspond with his docket entry and to show this parole or probation. Campbell contends that these proceedings were at a term subsequent to that of the sentence, but-title 28 U. S. Code, § 149 (28 US CA § 149), fixes one term per year for the court at Miami, beginning on the fourth Monday in April. There is no evidence of any adjournment of it, and the judge, in his opinion, states that the April term, 1929, was still open 'on March 4, 1930, when this habeas corpus was tried. We have therefore no question of correcting the' record after the term. Nor is the question one of power to alter the substance of the sentence, but only of the power to make the record truthful; that is, to state the sentence as it really occurred. The duty and power of the court to make its records speak the truth even after the term, and when there is nothing in the record to go by, is fully sustained in Wight v. Nicholson, 134 U. S. 136, 10 S. Ct. 487, 33 L. Ed. 865; and see 34 C. J. § 450.. Nothing is said in the discussion in that ease as to the ■ necessity of the presence of or notice to the defendant who was to be affected, but he was in fact present. In 15 C. J. § 397, it is said, “An amendment of the record may be made upon motion, with due notice to the opposite party, or the power to amend may be exercised by the court on its own motion, without notice,” and in 23 Cye. p. 876, “The court which rendered a judgment may, on its own , motion and without application by a party, ■
As to the fourth point, although the word “parole” was used in the sentence, we understand that probation was meant; the latter being permitted by law on sentencing a person, and the former not. The statute, title 18 U. S. Code, § 725 (18 USCA § 725), expressly provides for the revocation of the probation after a hearing. This probation was conditioned on Campbell’s not violating any law. We need not consider whether a probation so conditioned can bo revoked without proof of a specific violation for it does not appear what was proved, but the presumption is that the order of revocation was justified. The objection that Campbell had not been eonvisted of a violation of law we overrule. The court was certainly not bound to leave an unworthy probationer at large until he could be tried and convicted. Campbell v. Aderhold, Warden (D. C.) 36 F. (2d) 366.
The judgment remanding plaintiff to serve his sentence is affirmed.