58 Mass. App. Ct. 743 | Mass. App. Ct. | 2003
By a complaint for a declaratory judgment, United Services Automobile Association (USAA), an insurance company, asked whether the personal liability provisions of its homeowners policy extended coverage to liability for bodily harm caused by a fourteen year old boy’s sexual molestation of a four year old girl. The case comes to us on a report by a judge of the Superior Court, made in accordance with the third sentence of Mass.R.Civ.P. 64(a), as amended, 423 Mass. 1403
1. Facts. We summarize the material facts that the parties have agreed upon. Between September 1, 1989, and December 31, 1989, Donald Roe, age fourteen, baby-sat for Jane Doe, age four. During that period Donald fondled Jane’s vagina, had Jane touch his penis, and penetrated Jane’s vagina with his finger. Donald testified that he did not intend to harm Jane when he engaged in the improper sexual contacts, and that when Jane indicated discomfort, he stopped immediately. Jane testified that Donald did not harm her.
2. Bodily injury. This phrase does not embrace emotional distress, except as it may be a consequence of physical injury to the body. Allstate Ins. Co. v. Diamant, 401 Mass. 654, 656 (1988). Richardson v. Liberty Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 47 Mass. App. Ct. 698, 702 (1999) (“ ‘[bjodily injury’ as used in an insurance policy . . . includes only actual physical injuries to the human body and the consequences thereof”). Donald’s acts of sexual molestation, which included digital penetration of Jane’s vagina, constituted an indecent assault and battery, i.e., violation of the bodily integrity of the victim and, therefore, an infliction of
Decided cases, frequently without discussion, have taken sexual molestation, including fondling and certainly penetration, to be infliction of bodily injury. Worcester Ins. Co. v. Fells Acres Day Sch., Inc., 408 Mass. 393, 398-402, 413 (1990). See Allstate Ins. Co. v. Thomas, 684 F. Supp. 1056, 1059-1060 (W.D. Okla. 1988); Allstate Ins. Co. v. Roelfs, 698 F. Supp. 815, 818, 821 (D. Alaska 1987); Whitt v. DeLeu, 707 F. Supp. 1011, 1016 (W.D. Wis. 1989); Foremost Ins. Co. v. Weetman, 726 F. Supp. 618, 620 (W.D. Pa. 1989); J.C. Penney Cas. Ins. Co. v. M. K., 52 Cal. 3d 1009, 1019 (1991); Allstate Ins. Co. v. Troel-strup, 789 P.2d 415, 417 n.5 (Colo. 1990) (en banc); Auto-Owners Ins. Co. v. Gardipey, 173 Mich. App. 711, 715 (1988); N. N. v. Moraine Mut. Ins. Co., 153 Wis. 2d 84, 91-93 (1990).
3. Intent to harm. Those same cases held that an intent to harm is to be inferred from the nature of the act of sexual molestation. The question left to answer is whether that rule applies to someone fourteen years old or, whether concerning one of that age, there needs to be inquiry into what the youth intended. Donald said he meant no harm but that carries no weight. A full grown rapist might say the same. Yet incapacity to form an intent may cancel the inference of intent that generally is to be made in connection with a sexual assault. See Hanover Ins. Co. v. Talhouni, 413 Mass. 781, 785-787 (1992), in which the assailant had become delusional from LSD intoxication.
We are of opinion that in the absence of special disability, a fourteen year old is capable of criminal intent. That conclusion finds support in G. L. c. 119, § 52, which qualifies as a youthful offender a person between the ages of fourteen and seventeen, and § 54 of the same chapter, which authorizes criminal proceedings against juveniles between the ages of fourteen and seventeen. See Commonwealth v. A Juvenile, 399 Mass. 451, 453-454 (1987) (twelve year old may be tried for digital rape of a five year old); Commonwealth v. Walter R., 414 Mass. 714, 715 (1993) (declaring as not applicable in Massachusetts a common-law presumption that a child under the age of fourteen was incapable of committing rape).
A judgment shall be entered declaring that USAA, under the homeowners insurance policies issued by it to Dora Roe and Patrick Roe, is not bound to defend or indemnify Donald or his parents, in connection with claims for compensation made on behalf of Jane Doe.
So ordered.
That sentence reads: “The court, upon request of the parties, in any case where the parties agree in writing as to all the material facts, may report the case to the appeals court for determination without making any decision thereon.”
The parties agreed that Donald and Jane so testified and we take that to mean that they make no stipulation as to what Donald intended or whether Jane was harmed.
Although the statement of agreed facts speaks of a homeowners policy, he., uses the singular, at oral argument, counsel told the court that the parents were separated and that each had purchased a homeowners policy from USAA.