402 S.W.2d 495 | Tenn. Ct. App. | 1965
In this cause, the Union Bailway Company, which was defendant in the lower court, appeals in error from verdicts and judgments against it recovered by Virginia L. Jinks and Vaughn D. Jinks, her husband. The verdict and judgment in favor of Virginia L. Jinks was for $4,000, and that in favor of Vaughn D. Jinks, was for $2,500. No complaint was made as to the amount of the verdicts if the Union Bailway Company is to be held liable; and reliance is placed alone on its single assignment of error, which is that defendant’s motion for a directed verdict, made at the conclusion of all the proof, should have been sustained and plaintiffs’ suits dismissed. In this opinion, the parties will be styled, as in the lower court, plaintiffs and defendant, or referred to by their respective names, plaintiffs being called Mr. and Mrs. Jinks and the defendant, the Union Bailway Company.
The accident out of which this litigation arose occurred in Memphis, Tennessee on November 20, 1962, at a little after 4:00 P.M. on north Springdale Street where, that street crosses the tracks of the Union Bailway Company. Mrs. Jinks, with two children in the car with her, was driving her husband’s Ford automobile en route to pick him up at his place of employment, Binswinger Glass Company. She had turned south from Chelsea Avenue onto Springdale Street and had followed a blue automobile which crossed the Bailway Company’s tracks just in time to escape being struck by defendant’s train, but Mrs. Jinks drove her car into the side of the engine which was crossing the street in an eastwardly direction. She was severely injured and the automobile was badly damaged. Mrs. Jinks had passed this crossing twice before on the day of the accident, in the morning while
According to the undisputed evidence in this case, the crossing is protected by a crossed arms warning sign on the west side of the street and north side of the crossing,
On authority of Louisville & N. R. R. Co. v. Anderson (1928), 159 Tenn. 55, 15 S.W.(2d) 753; Tenn. Cent. R. R. Co. v. Ledbetter (1928), 159 Tenn. 404, 19 S.W.(2d) 258; Snyder v. Mo. Pac. R. R. Co. (1945), 183 Tenn. 471, 192 S.W.(2d) 1008; and many other cases, including those therein cited, we feel constrained to hold that defendant’s assignment of error must be sustained.
In Louisville & N. R. R. Co. v. Anderson, the personal representative of a guest passenger in an automobile, who was killed by a train at a railroad crossing, recovered a verdict and judgment which was affirmed by the Court of Appeals, but the Supreme Court reversed and dismissed the case, holding that a directed verdict should have been g-ranted in favor of the railroad company. From the Supreme Court’s opinion, written by Mr. Justice Swigg’art, we quote as follows:
“The undisputed evidence shows that Anderson, on the rear seat of the sedan, could have seen the approaching train in time to warn the driver and avoid the accident. Either he did see the train, and failed to utter any warning, or else he did not look up the track as he was being carried to the crossing, and thus failed to discover what would have been obvious if he*496 had looked. In either event, he was guilty of a failure to take reasonable precautions for his own safety, which failure undoubtedly contributed proximately to the accident.
The Court of Appeals was of the opinion that the difference between the situation of the driver and that of the guest on the rear seat was such as to support and justify the action of the trial judge in overruling the motion for a directed verdict. That there is a difference in the situation of the driver and guest on the rear seat in many cases of accident is apparent, but in the case before us no such difference exists as to convict the one of negligence and relieve the other. Their view of the track was the same for a distance of at least 40 feet from the crossing, and the margin of time and space between the collision and safety is shown to have been so slight that a discovery of the peril up to the very time the automobile entered the crossing would undoubtedly have prevented the accident.” Louisville & N. R. R. Co. v. Anderson (1928), 159 Tenn. 66, 15 S.W.(2d) 756.
Emphasizing the circumstance that the Supreme Court rested its judgment on the contributory negligence of the passenger, rather than on absence of negligence on the part of the railroad company, we quote further from the Supreme Court’s opinion, as follows:
“Assuming, without deciding, that the Court of Appeals correctly found in the record evidence of negligence on the part of the defendants, in the condition of the crossing and the speed at which the train approached the crossing, we see no escape from the conclusion that Anderson was also guilty of negligence*497 in failing to notice the obvious danger and warn the driver, and that the accident was the result of the concurring negligence of the defendants, the driver of the automobile and Anderson, and that the motion for a directed verdict should have been sustained.” Louisville & N. R. R. Co. v. Anderson (1928), 159 Tenn. 68, 15 S.W.(2d) 757.
In Tennessee Central Railway v. Ledbetter (1928), 159 Tenn. 404, 19 S.W.(2d) 258, the administratrix of a deceased, who was killed when he drove his automobile onto the tracks of the defendant railroad company, recovered a judgment in the Circuit Court which was reversed by the Court of Appeals. The Supreme Court affirmed the Court of Appeals. From the Supreme Court’s opinion, written by Mr. Justice McKinney, we quote as follows:
“The deceased was guilty of gross negligence in going upon said tracks without bringing his car to a stop and looking and listening. Tennessee Cent. Ry. Co. v. Page, 153 Tenn. 84, 282 S.W. 376.
Conceding that the fireman was quilty of negligence in not signaling the engineer to stop when he first discovered the automobile approaching the main track, it is apparent that the negligence of deceased continued to operate concurrently to the moment of the accident, in which event no recovery can be had. Grigsby & Co. v. Bratton, 128 Tenn. 597, 163 S.W. 804; Todd. v. [Cincinnati, N. O. & T. P.] Railroad, 135 Tenn. 104, 185 S.W. 62, L.R.A.1916E, 555; Johnson v. Warwick, 148 Tenn. 205, 254 S.W. 553.” Tenn. Cent. Ry. v. Ledbetter (1928), 159 Tenn. 408, 19 S.W. (2d) 259.
“We do not think reasonable men should differ as to the degree of negligence herein of Huffman, the driver of the car. It seems clear to us that his negligence equaled or was greater than the negligence of the employees of the railroad company and that his representatives are entitled to no recovery.
*499 In Arkansas, as elsewhere, a railroad track is an admonition of danger and it is the duty of persons crossing the track to look and listen before making this effort. Such persons are bound by what they could have discovered had they looked or listened. If the duty to look and listen cannot be adequately performed without stopping, it is the duty of the traveler to stop. Apart from his knowledge of this crossing this driver had warning of the railroad track ahead of him by the flasher signal when he was yet over 150 feet distant. If his view to his right and left was obscured at that time, it became his duty to approach the track with his car under control. Had he done so, when he reached the point 55 feet from the track, he would have had a clear view of the approaching train from the north.
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We agree with the court of appeals that the negligence of the driver of the car equaled or exceeded that of the employees of the railroad company and requires the dismissal of his representatives’ (the Huffman) suit. We do not follow the court of appeals, however, in its ruling that the negligence of Huffman is not to be imputed to Roth and does not bar recovery by the representatives of Roth as well as by the representatives of Huffman.
It is to be remembered that this was Roth’s car. Huffman was his employee. Roth was riding in his own car and regardless of whether Huffman’s employment included car driving regularly, at the time of the accident. he was obviously driving with Roth’s consent. Roth had dominion over the operation of his automobile.” Snyder et al. v. Mo. Pac. R. Co. et al. (1945), 183 Tenn. 479-480, 192 S.W.(2d) 1011-1012.
For the reasons above stated, defendant’s assignment of error will be sustained, the judgment of the Circuit Court will be reversed, and plaintiffs’ suit will be dismissed.
The costs of the cause will be adjudged against the plaintiffs, Virginia L. Jinks and Vaughn D. Jinks, and their surety on the cost bond filed in the Circuit Court.