143 Ark. 519 | Ark. | 1920
(after stating the facts.) The decree of the chancellor is based upon the decisions in Archer v. Palmer, 112 Ark. 527, and Thurman v. Symonds, 126 Ark. 216.
In the first mentioned ease the court held that where a testator gives an estate for life only, with the added power to the life tenant to convey the estate absolutely, the life tenant may defeat the estate of a remainderman under the will by the exercise of the power of disposal during his lifetime.
The court further held that where in one clause of a will the testator granted his wife a life estate with remainder over, and in another clause gave the wife the absolute power to dispose of the property, it was the manifest intention of the testator to give the wife the right to dispose of the fee in his estate, aid thereby defeat the rights of the remainderman. That case controls here. The primary object in construing a will is to ascertain and declare the intention of the testator. The intention of the testator is to be gathered from a consideration of the entire will, and if it can be construed so as to make the various provisions consistent with each other, every provision of the will must be given effect. By the terms of the will the mother of the testatrix took two things — an estate for life, and a power of disposal of the whole estate.
The second clause of the will in express terms bequeaths and devises all the rest and residue of the estate of the testatrix to her mother “to have, hold, use, and enjoy during her natural life, it being my desire that she shall have the absolute right to sell or encumber it without any restrictions whatever. ’ ’ This gives to the mother of the testatrix a life estate and an added power of disposal of the whole estate. It contemplates a possibility that a portion of the property may remain undisposed of under the power of disposal granted to the life tenant. This construction of the second clause is in harmony with the provision in the first part of the third clause of the will, which provides that upon the death of the mother the title of all the property undisposed of by her shall vest in John M. Moore, Henry D. Parker and William B. Smith, as trustees. Other clauses of the will define the trust.
It is claimed that the holding in the case of Archer v. Palmer, supra, was based upon the fact that the life estate and the power of disposal were not given in the same clause of the will.
We do not agree with counsel in that contention. The court, by the cases cited, shows that it intended to follow the current of authority on the question in this country, which holds that when a whole will as considered and read together shows that it was the manifest intention of the testator to give a life estate with the added power in the life tenant of disposing of the whole estate during his life, and the life tenant exercises the power of disposal during his'lifetime, the estate vests in those to whom thé life tenant granted it.
The case of Patty v. Goolsby, 51 Ark. 61, and Douglass v. Sharp, 52 Ark. 113, relied upon by counsel for the defendant, are not applicable. There is nothing in either case to indicate that the testator intended to give to the life tenant the absolute power to dispose of the fee in the estate. Such intention is clearly indicated by the unrestricted power of disposal expressly granted by the second clause o.f the will under consideration, and this view is materially strengthened when we consider the language in the first part of the third clause.
It follows that the decree must be affirmed.