MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
This matter is before the Court on the Motion for Default Judgment and Permanent Injunction brought by Plaintiffs UMG Recordings, Inc., Arista Records, LLC, and Sony BMG Music Entertainment against Defendant Ronny Stewart (Doc. 14). For the following reasons the motion is GRANTED and judgment is entered as follows: (1) Plaintiffs are awarded statutory damages under 17 U.S.C. § 504(c)(1) in the total amount of $3,750; (2) Plaintiffs
BACKGROUND
Plaintiffs filed this action against Defendant on March 17, 2006, seeking damages and injunctive relief for willful copyright infringement under the copyright laws of the United States, 17 U.S.C. §§ 101 et seq. Plaintiffs allege they are the holders of copyrights or licenses in the following sound recordings: (1) “In the Mood,” on album “In the Mood with Tyrone Davis,” by artist “Tyrone Davis” (SR# 8-557); (2) “Burn Rubber (Why You Wanna Hurt Me?),” on album “The 12-Inch Collection,” by artist “Gap Band” (SR# 70-785); (3) “Halfcrazy,” on album “Juslisen,” by artist “Musiq” (SR# 308-859); (4) “Nice and Slow,” on album “My Way,” by artist “Usher” (SR# 257-730); and (5) “Leave Me Alone,” on album “Bad,” by artist “Michael Jackson” (SR# 84-256) (hereinafter, “the Copyrighted Recordings”). See Complaint (“Compl.”) ¶ 9 & Ex. A.
Plaintiffs allege that Defendant, without their permission and consent, has “used, and continues to use, аn online media distribution system to download the Copyrighted Recordings, to distribute the Copyrighted Recordings to the public, and/or to make the Copyrighted Recordings available for distribution to others.” Compl. ¶ 11. Plaintiffs allege that Defendant has infringed their exclusive rights of reproduction and distribution of the Copyrighted Recordings, in violation of the Copyright Act of 1976, 17 U.S.C. §§ 101 et seq., and that Defendant’s “acts of infringement have been willful and intentional, in disregard of and with indifference” to Plaintiffs’ rights in the Copyrighted Recordings. Id. ¶ 12. In their complaint Plaintiffs seek: (1) actual or statutory damages at their election pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 504; (2) costs pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 505; and (3) injunctive relief pursuant to 17 U.S.C. §§ 502 and 503, prohibiting Defendant from further infringing Plaintiffs’ rights in the Copyrighted Recordings and оrdering Defendant to destroy all copies of the Copyrighted Recordings. See id. ¶¶ 13-14.
Although Defendant was properly served with Plaintiffs’ complaint on June 15, 2006, he did not file an answer or otherwise respond to the complaint. On July 24, 2006, Plaintiffs filed a motion for entry of default, whereupon a default was entered by the Clerk of Court on July 25, 2006. Plaintiffs now have moved for entry оf a default judgment against Defendant, requesting an award of statutory damages under 17 U.S.C. § 504(c)(1) in the total amount of $3,750, an award of costs under 17 U.S.C. § 505 in the total amount of $420, and permanent injunctive relief under 17 U.S.C. §§ 502 and 503. Having reviewed carefully Plaintiffs’ submissions in support of their request for entry of a default judgment in this case, the Court now is prepared to rule.
DISCUSSION
A. Procedure for Obtaining Default Judgment
Obtaining a defаult judgment entails two steps. First, the party seeking a default judgment must file a motion for entry of default with the clerk of a district court by demonstrating that the opposing party has failed to answer or otherwise respond to the complaint, and, second, once the clerk has entered a default, the moving party may then seek entry of a defаult judgment against the defaulting party.
See
Fed.R.Civ.P. 55;
Conn-Selmer, Inc. v. Apex Indus., Inc.,
No. 04C0245,
In this instance, Plaintiffs request entry of a judgment of default by the Court pursuant to Rule 55, which provides, in relevant part,
[T]he party entitled to a judgment by default shall apply to the court therefor; but no judgment by default shall be entered against an infant or incompetent person unless represented in the action by a general guardian, committee, conservator, or other such representative who has appeared therein. If the party against whom judgment by default is sought has appeared in the action, the party ... shall be served with written notice of the application for judgment at least 3 days prior to the hearing on such application. If, in order to enable the court to enter judgment or to carry it into effect, it is necessary to take an account or to determine the amount of damages or to establish the truth of any averment by evidence or to make an investigation of any other matter, the court may conduct such hearings or order such references as it deems necessary and proper ...
Fed.R.Civ.P. 55(b)(2). Thus, to procure a default judgment under Rule 55(b)(2), a party must establish the following: (1) when and against what party the default was entered; (2) identification of the pleading as to which default was entered; (3) whether the defaulting party is an infant or incompetent person; (4) that the defendant is not in military services such that the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Civil Relief Act of 1940 does not apply; and (5) that notice has been served on the defaulting party, if required by Rule 55(b)(2).
See Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. v. Crawford,
In this case, all of the requirements for entry of a default judgment under Rule 55(b)(2) are satisfied. The record discloses that, as discussed, a default was entered against Defendant on July 25, 2006. Plaintiffs’ memorandum of points and authorities in support of their request for entry of a default judgment attaches a copy of the pleading as to which default was entered (Doc. 15, Ex. A). Both the memorandum and the uneontroverted affidavit, of Alexis E. Payne, one of Plaintiffs’ attornеys, state that Plaintiffs have no reason to believe Defendant is either an infant or incompetent and that, after searching public military or military locator databases, Plaintiffs have discovered no evidence that Defendant is serving in the military (Doc. 15 at 2 ¶ 4;
id.,
Ex. B ¶ 5). Because Defendant has never entered an appearance in this аction, the notice requirement of Rule 55(b)(2) does not apply. Therefore, the Court concludes that Plaintiffs have fully complied with the procedure for obtaining a judgment of default in this case.
See Disney Enters. v. Farmer,
B. Entry of Default Judgment
1. Liability for Infringement
As an initial matter the Court must determine whеther Plaintiffs have established a prima facie case as to liability for copyright infringement. “As a general rule, a ‘default judgment established], as a matter of law, that defendants [are] liable to plaintiff as to each cause of action alleged in the complaint.’ ... Upon default, the well-pleaded allegations of- a complaint relating to liability are taken as true.”
Dundee Cement Co. v. Howard Pipe & Concrete Prods., Inc.,
In this instance Plaintiffs’ complaint states that they each are the owners or licensees of the copyrights of the five Copyrighted Recordings, see Compl. ¶ 9, аnd that they possess the “exclusive rights to reproduce the Copyrighted Recordings and to distribute the Copyrighted Recordings to the public.” Id. ¶ 10. They further allege that Defendant, “without the permission or consent of Plaintiffs, has used, and continues to use, an online media distribution system to download the Copyrighted Recordings, to distribute the Copyrighted Recordings to the public, and/or to make the Copyrighted Recordings available for distribution to others.” Id. ¶ 11. Based on these allegations, Plaintiffs have sufficiently shown ownership of the. ihfringed material, as well as actual infringement by Defendant through downloading and reproducing and/or distributing the five Copyrighted Recordings. Accordingly, the Court concludes that Plaintiffs have еstablished a prima facie case of liability for copyright infringement. Therefore, the Court turns to the question of the remedies to which Plaintiffs are entitled for the infringement.
2. Remedies for Infringement
a. Statutory Damages
Under the Copyright Act of 1976, a plaintiff whose copyright has been infring
(c) Statutory Damages. -
(1) Except as provided by clause (2) of this subsection, the copyright owner may elect, at any time before final judgment is rendered, to recover, instead of actuаl damages and profits, an award of statutory damages for all infringements involved in the action, with respect to any one work, for which any one infringer is liable individually, or for which any two or more infringers are liable jointly and severally, in a sum of not less than $750 or more than $30,000 as the court considers just. For the purposes of this subsection, all the parts оf a compilation or derivative work constitute one work.
(2) In a case where the copyright owner sustains the burden of proving, and the court finds, that infringement was committed willfully, the court in its discretion may increase the award.of statutory damages to a sum of not more than $150,000 ...
17 U.S.C. § 504(c).
In this case, Plaintiffs have elected to seek statutory damages against Defendant in the total principal amount of $3,750, or $750 per infringement of each of the five Copyrighted Recordings pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 504. Statutory damages are to be awarded for infringement of “any one” copyrighted “work.” 17 U.S.C. § 504(c)(1). Therefore it is appropriate in this case to award separate statutory damages for infringement for each of the five Copyrighted Recordings listed in the complaint.
See WB Music Corp. v. RTV Communication Group, Inc.,
b. Permanent Injunction
Plaintiffs also seek a permanent injunction against Defendant pursuant to 17 U.S.C. §§ 502 and 503. Specifically, Plaintiffs’ complaint requests the following in-junctive relief against Defendant:
Defendant shall be and hereby is enjoined from directly or indirectly infringing Plaintiffs’ rights under federal or state law in the Copyrighted Recordings and any sound recording, whether now in existence or later created, that is owned or controlled by Plaintiffs (or any parent, subsidiary, or affiliate record label of Plaintiffs) (“Plaintiffs’ Recordings”), including without limitation by using the Internet or any online media distribution system to reproduce (i.e., download) any of Plaintiffs’ Recordings, to distribute (i.e., upload) any of Plaintiffs’ Recordings, or to make any of Plaintiffs’ Recordings available for distribution to the public, except pursuant to a lawful license or with the express authority of Plaintiffs. Defendant also shall destroy all copies of Plaintiffs’ Recordings that Defendant has downloaded onto any computer hard drive or server without Plaintiffs’ authorization and shall destroy all copies of those downloaded recordings transferred onto any physical medium or device in Defendant’s possession, custody, or control.
Compl., Prayer for Relief at 1.
Title 17 of the United States Code states in рertinent part that “[a]ny court ... may ... grant temporary and final injunctions on such terms as it may deem reasonable to prevent or restrain infringement of a copyright.” 17 U.S.C. § 502(a). Title 17 provides also for the destruction of copies made in violation of a copyright.
See
17 U.S.C. § 503(b). Although “the issuance of an injunction is in the discretion of the court, courts havе traditionally granted permanent injunctions if liability is established and a continuing threat to a copyright exists.”
Jobete Music Co. v. Johnson Communications, Inc.,
As discussed, Plaintiffs have established Defendant’s liability for infringement of their copyrights in the five Copyrighted Recordings. Moreover, Plaintiffs have submitted to the Court “screenshots” of Defendant’s activity as “Handsome_ paraplegic@KaZaA” showing that he has downloaded literally hundreds of copyrighted sound recordings from a single Internet filesharing site. In this connection the Court notes that, just as Defendant never answered or оtherwise appeared in response to Plaintiffs’ complaint, so despite notice of Plaintiffs’ request for a default judgment Defendant has never made any attempt to defend the charges of infringement leveled at him. The Court concludes that Plaintiffs have shown a strong likelihood of future unauthorized downloads which infringe their copyrights. Under the circumstances of this case, failure to grant the permanent injunction sought by Plaintiffs would expose them to further infringement of their copyrights by Defendant without any recourse. Therefore, the requested permanent injunction under 17 U.S.C. §§ 502 and 503 will be granted.
See Virgin Records,
c. Costs
Finally, Plaintiffs request costs in the amount of $420. Title 17 of the United States Code provides that “the court in its discretion may allow thе recovery of full costs by or against any party” who prevails in a copyright suit. 17 U.S.C. § 505. “Traditionally, ‘although not required to do so, courts routinely award costs to the prevailing party in copyright cases.’ ”
Arclightz & Films Pvt. Ltd. v. Video Palace Inc.,
CONCLUSION
The Motion for Default Judgment and Permanent Injunction brought by Plaintiffs UMG Recordings, Inc., Arista Records, LLC, and Sony BMG Music Entertainment against Defendant Ronny Stewart (Doc. 14) is GRANTED, and judgment is entered in favor of Plaintiffs and against Defendant as follows. It is ORDERED that Plaintiffs are awarded statutory damages under 17 U.S.C. § 504(c)(1) in the total amount of $3,750, with interest to accrue on that amount as prescribed under 28 U.S.C. § 1961; additionally, Plaintiffs are awarded $420 in costs under 17 U.S.C. § 505.
Pursuant to 17 U.S.C. §§ 502 and 503, it is FURTHER ORDERED that Defendant shall be and hereby is enjoined from directly or indirectly infringing Plaintiffs’ rights under federal or statе law in the following copyrighted sound recordings: “In the Mood,” on album “In the Mood with Tyrone Davis,” by artist “Tyrone Davis” (SR# 8-557); “Burn Rubber (Why You Wanna Hurt Me?),” on album “The 12-Inch Collection,” by artist “Gap Band” (SR# 70-785); “Halfcrazy,” on album “Juslisen,” by artist “Musiq” (SR# 308-859); “Nice and Slow,” on album “My Way,” by artist “Usher” (SR# 257-730); “Leave Me Alone,” on album “Bad,” by artist “Michael Jackson” (SR# 84-256); and in any other sound recording, whether now in existence оr later created, that is owned or controlled by Plaintiffs (or any parent, subsidiary, or affiliate record label of Plaintiffs) (“Plaintiffs’ Recordings”), including without limitation by using the Internet or any online media distribution system to reproduce (i.e., download) any of Plaintiffs’ Recordings, to distribute (i.e., upload) any of Plaintiffs’ Recordings, or to make any of Plaintiffs’ Recordings availаble for distribution to the public, except pursuant to a lawful license or with the express authority of Plaintiffs. Defendant also shall destroy all copies of Plaintiffs’ Recordings that Defendant has downloaded onto any computer hard drive or server without Plaintiffs’ authorization and shall destroy all copies of those downloaded recordings transferred onto any physical medium or device in Defendant’s possession, custody, or control. The Court will enter Judgment on a separate document.
IT IS SO ORDERED.