265 F. 469 | 9th Cir. | 1920
Lead Opinion
This was an action at law by the plaintiff to recover damages for the wrongful taking of ore from the extralateral segment of a vein owned by the plaintiff. In the answer and cross-complaint of the defendant it sought to recover damages for a like taking of ore from the same vein. Upon the trial of the case, the jury rendered a verdict in favor of the plaintiff in the sum of $100,000, “less cost of extraction of the ore on account of unwillful trespass.” Upon this verdict the court ordered a judgment in favor .of the plaintiff for the sum of $100,000, “less cost of extraction of the ore on account'of unwillful trespass.”
Subsequently, upon a motion for a new trial, the court ordered that the verdict theretofore entered be permitted to stand, in so far as it found the issue in favor of the plaintiff, and a new trial was thereupon awarded, for the sole purpose of assessing the amount of the recovery. Upon a new trial upon that issue, with an amendment to the complaint alleging damages in the sum of $121,000, and “the parties having stipulated that the value of the ore taken out by defendant
There were two main issues before the court at the first trial. The first was the question of title to the segment of vein embracing the ore body in controversy. The second was the question as to the amount of damages caused by the removal of this ore body. Upon the trial of these two issues before a jury, no exceptions were taken to the introduction of evidence by either party, and defendant took no exception to any of the instructions of the court to the jury. The jury returned a verdict in favor of the plaintiff on both issues. Upon the first issue it found the title to the ore body in favor of the plaintiff. Upon the second issue it also found in favor of the plaintiff upon the question of damages, but left the amount uncertain.
“deduct from the amount of the verdict the cost of mining, transporting, and reducing the ore, albeit that such cost be shown by the admitted facts of the case.”
The court thereupon ordered that the verdict should stand in so far as it found the issues in favor of the plaintiff, “and a new trial was ordered for the sole and only purpose of assessing the amount of the recovery.” In making this order, the court said:
“This case, in my opinion, peculiarly calls for the exercise of the discretion of the court in awarding a new trial as to the single issue only. It was through mere inadvertence on the part of the jury that the case was not finally and forever disposed of at the last trial.”
We are of the opinion that the court was correct in ordering a new trial and limiting such new trial to the one question of the amount of damages. The authority of the court to so limit a new trial is established by numerous authorities in both the federal and state courts: Calaf v. Fernandez, 239 Fed. 795, 798, 799, 152 C. C. A. 581; Farrar v. Wheeler, 145 Fed. 482, 488, 489, 75 C. C. A. 386: Duff v. Duff, 101 Cal. 1, 35 Pac. 437; Estate of Everts, 163 Cal. 449-452, 125 Pac. 1058; Robinson v. Muir, 151 Cal. 118-125, 90 Pac. 521; Lisbon v. Lyman, 49 N. H. 553; Simmons v. Fish, 210 Mass. 563, 97 N. E. 102, Ann. Cas. 1912D, 588; Marshal v. Dalton Paper Mills, 82 Vt. 489, 74 Atl. 108-113, 24 L. R. A. (N. S.) 128; Winn v. Columbian Ins. Co., 12 Pick. (Mass.) 279, 288; Patton v. City of Springfield, 99 Mass. 627, 634, 635; Perkins v. Brown, 137 Tenn. 294, 177 S. W. 1158-1160, L. R. A. 1915F, 723, Ann. Cas. 1917A, 124.
[2] “A full statement of the facts in this case will be found in the opinion filed by the court disposing of a former petition for a new trial in this action, and awarding a final decree in favor of the plaintiff in a companion suit in equity involving the same issues; also, in the opinion filed later in the' equity suit, denying a petition for a rehearing filed therein. In qpinion first referred to, in awarding the final decree, I said: ‘On the trial of the law action a vast amount of expert testimony was offered by the plaintiff tending to show the identity of the vein from the outcroppings or apex on the surface of the Sixteen to One claim down through the various workings, and perhaps an equal amount of testimony was offered by the defendant tending to show the contrary. The experts on each side consisted of geologists, mining engineers,1 and practical mining men. It is almost needless to say that the opinions of these experts were positive and unequivocal in favor of the party who called them, and little would be accomplished by adding one or more additional experts to the long list already in the record. It was conceded throughout the trial that there is a vein on the Sixteen to One claim; that this vein dips m an easterly direction at an angle of 45 or 50 degrees; that the vein terminates at a fault at about the 200-foot level, and that by dropping down a distance of 15 or 20 feet at the shaft, and a distance of 35 or 40 feet at the northerly boundary of the claim, another vein is picked up likewise terminating at a fault. The witnesses for the plaintiff testified that these two’ segments were one and tlie same vein, while the witnesses for the defendant testified to the contrary. Their theory is that; while there are two segments of veins there, the upper segment of the lower vein was thrown up several hundred feet above the present surface of the mountain and has eroded away, while the lower segment of the upper vein can probably be found several hundred feet lower down. The jury found it much easier to join the two existing segments together, thus making a single vein, than to speculate as to what has become of the two last segments, and with that conclusion I am in full accord.’ ”
“Again, in the latter opinion, in disposing of a petition for a rehearing, based on the ground of newly discovered evidence, I said: ‘Little need be said on the petition for a rehearing. The affidavits filed in its support and in opposition are as conflicting as the testimony of the witnesses at the trial. Some of the witnesses, at least, on each side, find further confirmation of their preconceived views in the subsequent developments disclosed by the affidavits. No useful purpose will be subserved by a further reference to the conflict. The motion to vacate the decree and the petition for a rehearing are denied.’ ”
[3] “I still adhere to these views. In so far as the present petition is based on errors of law occurring at the first trial, I find no occasion to review the opinions heretofore expressed, if indeed I have jurisdiction to- do so. That portion of the present petition based on newly discovered evidence requires but scant consideration. Before such a petition will be granted the court must be satisfied, first, that the evidence is newly discovered in fact and could not have been produced by the exercise of reasonable diligence at the former trial; and, second, that the newly discovered evidence will probably produce a different result upon a new trial. In my opinion, neither of these requirements have been satisfied by the showing made. The first trial did not take place until several months after the action was commenced; after the close of that trial, further testimony was taken in the equity suit and several months elapsed before its final submission; a motion for a new trial in the law action and a petition for a rehearing in the equity suit were next interposed; after*473 their denial several months elapsed before the second trial, and now at this late date the claim is made that new evidence of a. controlling nature has been discovered since the last trial. Under such circumstances a petition of this kind should be viewed wiih at least some suspicion and examined with extreme caution.
[4] “But, conceding that due diligence has been shown, is there any reason to induce the court to believe that the new evidence would produce a different result at another trial before another jury? For, assuming that the witnesses for the plaintiff were mistaken as to the character of a vein or the throw of a fault in distant territory, what reason have we to assume that the Jury would deem that fact controlling, when the same witnesses differed so widely as to the identity or continuity of two segments of a vein or veins found in the same claim only a few feet apart? Why should the opinion of experts based on conditions existing 500 or <300 feet away he deemed of so much importance, when the same experts differed equally as to segments or veins found only a few feet apart? The showing made in support of the petition demonstrates clearly that mining engineering is not one of the exact sciences, and the ease with which experts can change their views to meet the necessities or requirements of their employers, and but little else. For these reasons, in my opinion, the ends of justice would not be promoted by granting the petition in question, but quite to the contrary. Litigation must end at some point, and this protracted litigation must end here so far as the court is concerned.
“The petition is accordingly denied.”
For the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion, the judgment of the court below is affirmed.
Concurrence Opinion
I concur in the judgment, for the reason that while, technically, the original trial resulted in a mistrial, in that the verdict of the jury determined but one of the two issues submitted to it, the trial court, without objection from either party, approved the verdict as to which the finding was definite and certain, and subsequently submitted to another jury the issue theretofore left undetermined respecting the cost of the extraction of the ore in question in the case, the amount of which cost the respective parties expressly stipulated on the trial before the second jury.
I am therefore unable to see that the plaintiff in error was deprived of a jury trial upon either of the issues, or how it could have been injured by the irregular course pursued by the court below.