203 P. 109 | Cal. | 1921
This appeal is from a judgment in favor of the defendant in an action for divorce upon the grounds of extreme cruelty and desertion. The parties intermarried on September 16, 1899, in El Paso, Texas. Several children were born of said marriage, of whom there were living, at the time this action was instituted, three daughters, whose names and ages were: Virginia, aged seventeen years; Marion, aged twelve years, and Jane, aged two years.
Plaintiff sets forth in the first count of her complaint certain acts and conduct of the defendant which are alleged to have caused said plaintiff great mental suffering and a nervous breakdown, seriously impairing her health. It is not necessary to consider these allegations in detail for the reasons hereinafter stated, with the exception of the following averment. The complaint alleges:
"That, within one year last past, the said defendant has, at diverse times, falsely and willfully insinuated and stated to the two older children of the plaintiff and defendant that the plaintiff was not a proper person to have the care, custody and upbringing of the said children and has questioned the said two older children as to the acts and conduct of the plaintiff during the absence of the defendant, in such a manner as to tend to cause them to believe that the plaintiff's *634 acts and conduct have not been proper, but that defendant well knew, at the time, that the plaintiff had been guilty of no improper conduct, and that it was the purpose and intention of said defendant to prejudice the said children against the plaintiff."
The defendant in his answer specifically denies the above allegation. Upon the trial and submission of the cause the court made the following finding in respect thereto:
"The court finds that the defendant did not, within one year last past, or at any time or at all, falsely, or willfully or at all insinuate or state to the two older children of the plaintiff and defendant, or to either of said children, that the plaintiff was not a proper person to have the care, or custody, or upbringing of said children and finds that the defendant has not questioned the said two older children as to the acts and conduct of the plaintiff during the absence of the defendant, in such a manner as to tend to cause them to believe that the plaintiff's acts or conduct had not been proper, when the defendant knew at said time that the plaintiff had been guilty of no improper conduct, and the court finds that it was not the purpose or intention of said defendant to prejudice the said children against the plaintiff."
The appellant urges several contentions upon this appeal, the first of which is that the evidence is insufficient to justify the findings of the trial court upon the various acts of alleged cruelty, other than the specific act embraced in the foregoing averment and finding. [1] It is sufficient to say in response to this contention that as to each and all of these acts of alleged cruelty, with the exception above noted, the evidence is in substantial conflict, and this being so the findings of the trial court, if in themselves sufficient to respond to these issues, will not be disturbed. The appellant, however, contends that the findings of the trial court upon these several alleged acts of cruelty, other than that above specifically referred to, are insufficient to respond to the issues therein presented, and hence insufficient to support the judgment. An examination of the findings of the court discloses that at the outset the court made the following general finding having relation to the first count of the plaintiff's complaint:
"The court finds that the defendant has not, at divers times within eighteen years last past, or at any time or at *635 all, been guilty of extreme or any cruelty toward the plaintiff, and has not wrongfully or at all inflicted upon the plaintiff grievous or any bodily injury, or grievous or any mental suffering."
It will further be noted that toward the close of its findings the court made the following two general findings:
"And the court further finds that, except as herein found to the contrary, each and every material allegation contained in plaintiff's complaint herein is untrue.
"The court finds that, except as herein found to the contrary, each and every material allegation contained in the defendant's answer is true, as therein stated."
[2] It may be conceded that the foregoing general findings would, neither separately nor in conjunction, be sufficient to respond to the issues above referred to, nor to support the judgment; the first, because standing alone it would amount to nothing more than a conclusion of law. (Franklin v. Franklin,
[4] The difficulty with the appellant's foregoing contention as to the insufficiency of these findings is that the trial court did not content itself with the general findings above criticised, but proceeded to make specific findings as to the truth or falsity of each and all of the particular averments of cruelty set forth in the plaintiff's complaint, with the exception above noted, and as to these found them to be either untrue or unsustained by sufficient evidence. The generalities in the court's findings may, therefore, be disregarded *636 and the contention of the appellant with regard to the insufficiency of such findings to support the judgment be held to be without merit.
[5] It may be said that as to the second count of the plaintiff's complaint alleging desertion there was sufficient evidence before the court to justify the conclusion that whatever separation there was between the parties was by mutual consent, which would suffice to justify the finding which the court made against the plaintiff upon that alleged cause of action.
This brings us to the main contention of the appellant as to the insufficiency of the evidence to support the finding and of the findings to sustain the judgment of the trial court in relation to the averment and finding first above specifically set forth. As to that finding, it is the contention of the appellant in substance that it is ambiguous and misleading, and that, drawn as it is in a partly disjunctive and partly conjunctive form, it cannot be determined therefrom whether it is to be understood as a finding in favor of or against the allegations of the plaintiff's complaint as to the specific charge referred to in said finding. The appellant further contends that if said finding is to be construed as a finding against the plaintiff as to this specific charge it is unsupported by the evidence in the case. [6] In answer to the first of these contentions it may be stated generally that a finding which is in identical language a negation of the allegation in the complaint is sufficient. (Dam v. Zink,
[9] The appellant further urges that the trial court committed error in the rejection of certain evidence offered on her behalf. The plaintiff's physician was called by her and testified as to certain troubles existing in her sexual organs and a general nervous condition due to such trouble. He was then asked the question as to whether she made any statement to him as to the cause or reason of her condition, which question he answered affirmatively. He was then asked: "What did she say about it?" which question was objected to and the objection sustained. He was then asked as to whether he had formed an opinion as to the reason for of cause of her condition. Upon an objection being urged to this question, the court inquired of the physician whether he could tell from his objective examination what the cause of the condition of the plaintiff was, and upon his answer that he could do so relatively he was permitted by the court to answer, limiting his reason to what he ascertained from objective examination. The trial court also refused to allow another witness called on behalf of the plaintiff to testify as to statements and complaints made to her by the plaintiff of unhappiness in her married life. We see no error in the rulings of the trial court in regard to these two witnesses. Whatever statement the plaintiff may have made to her *638
physician regarding her husband's treatment of her as affecting the happiness or unhappiness of her married life would not be the less hearsay and self-serving declarations when made to him than when made to any other person not a physician. They were not part of the res gestae, as was the case in Venzke v.Venzke,
The judgment is affirmed.
Wilbur, J., Waste, J., Shaw, C. J., Lennon, J., Sloane, J., and Shurtleff, J., concurred.
Rehearing denied.
All the Justices concurred.