68 W. Va. 125 | W. Va. | 1910
On an agreed statement of facts and submission to the court in lieu of a jury, The Trustees of Broaddus Institute, a corporation, recovered a judgment for the sum of $756.25 against Winfield S. Siers, in the circuit court of Harrison county, of which he complains.
The action was brought against Siers on his implied warranty as assignor of a bond for $1,300.00, executed to him by the Eureka Loan and Building Association, on the 2d day of June, 1899, in satisfaction of the supposed value of ten shares of the stock of said association of the par value of $130.00, each on the erroneous assumption that these shares had then matured. He assigned the bond to Boughner and Sons, without recourse, they to H. D. Boughner and he to the plaintiff. It was to become due and payable seven years after its date and bore interest, payable semi-annually, and interest thereon to June 2, 1904, amounting to $390.00, was paid as it became due. In September, 1904, a suit in equity was instituted to settle up the affairs of said association, it having been ascertained that it had sustained heavy losses and failed in its objects and purposes. This suit resulted in the winding up of the corporation and distribution of its assets, after payment of its debts. Among other things, it was determined and decreed that the actual value of the ten shares of stock, for which the bond was given, was only $666.10 at the date of the execution thereof, and that the interest due on said sum to September 17, 1904, the date of the institution of the suit, was $179.80. The excess of interest paid, $210.20, 'was deducted, and the balance, $455.90, decreed and paid to the plaintiff in this action.
The circumstances out of which the controversy grew have given rise to a contrariety of opinion as to whether the loss was occasioned by failure of consideration, or insolvency of the obligor in the bond; and the settlement of this question will facilitate the disposition of some of the contentions found in the briefs. On its face the bond was a valid obligation for $1300.00, but the settlement or stated account on which'it was founded ■was impeached in the equity suit and set aside, and then it was ascertained and decreed that the amount due the plaintiff, as assignee of Siers, was only $666.10. The consideration of the bond failed, therefore, to the extent of the difference between this sum and the face thereof. Beyond this sum of $666.10, there was no debt and never had been. Full provision for its payment was made by the association and there was no loss of any portion of what the association actually owed. Under the association charter and by-laws, Siers, as a shareholder, 'was entitled to nothing more than the value of his stock, even though on account of losses, it should be far less than he expected. In the sense of failure to mature its shares and accomplish its general purposes, the association was insolvent, but not otherwise. It was probably not insolvent in the general and ordinary sense of the term; but, if it was, insolvency is not the technical cause of the loss, constituting the cause of action here. It may be regarded as the remote, but not the immediate or proximate, cause. That was failure of consideration, caused by insolvency ' of the association, antedating the execution of the bond.
In every transfer of a chose in action by delivery or indorsement without recourse, there is an implied warranty of a sufficient and valid consideration. The assignor warrants that the
More than five years having elapsed between the date of the assignment and the commencement of this action, defense is made under the statute of limitations, upon the assumption that the warranty was broken and the right of action accrued on the making of the assignment. This is the rule when there is a total failure of consideration. Bank v. Spates, 41 W. Va. 27; Blethen v. Lovering, 58 Me. 437; Whisler v. Bragg, 31 Mo. 124; Ware v. McCormack, 96 Ky. 139. In this class of cases the right of action arises full and complete, the instant the transfer is made, and there is no reason for delay. But this is not true of a partial failure of consideration. The note or bond is worth something. Part of it can be recovered from the debtor. The assignor may be good for the consideration of the transfer paid to him and he may not. The assignee has a right of election between rescission, on the one hand, involving surrender of the paper and action for the whole consideration paid, and af-firmance, on the other, with a right of action for breach of the warranty. In the first ease, he would look to the assignor only. In the other, he would hold both parties, the acceptor, maker or obligor for the valid part of the debt and the assignor for the balance. Choosing the latter course, he holds a paper valid on
A further contention is that the amount paid the plaintiff under the decree in the equity suit should have been credited on the invalid part of the bond, but no authority is .cited, justifying or even suggesting, such an application. That would be manifestly unjust and unreasonable. It would lhake the association pay what Siers ought to ¡Day and the plaintiff lose what the association itself was bound to pay.
The defendant in error insists that it was entitled to a larger judgment and so cross-assigns error. This assignment is well taken. The judgment includes interest on $633.90, the amount of the loss, from about September, 1904, after applying all payments from the association on the valid part of the debt. As nothing had ever been paid on the. difference between the actual debt and the face of the bond either interest or principal, the plaintiff was entitled to judgment for such difference, with interest thereon from the date of the assignment, May 26, 1900, until the date of the judgment, February 18, 1908,'which, it is claimed, amounts to $926.71. We' find it to be, in fact, $927.82, and judgment should have been rendered for that amount.
For the error in respect to the amount thereof, the judgment will be reversed, and judgment ‘will be rendered here now, in favor of the defendant in error, as of February 18, 1908, for the sum of $927.82, with interest thereon from said date until paid, as well as for its cost in the court below and its costs and damages according to law in this Court. Reversed and Rendered.