63 Fla. 666 | Fla. | 1912
The bill of complaint herein was filed by Charles H. Root for the purpose of requiring the Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund to make to him a conveyance of a certain 80 acres of land under Chapter 3151, Acts 1883, Sections 624, 625 and 626 of the General Statutes of 1906, which authorize certain classes of actual settlers upon the designated public lands to
Exceptions on the ground of impertinency and irrelevancy were sustained to the following portions of • the answers filed by the Trustees and by Cardner: That the provisions of Chapter 3151 Acts of' 1883, Sections 624, 625 and 626 of the General Statutes, “were enacted after and subsequent to the law of 1855, being Chapter 610, which was the law creating the Internal Improvement Fund and the original trust and that the provisions thereof cannot in any wise defeat the provisions of said Chapter 610 of the Acts of 1855.” “Defendants deny that upon the alleged making of affidavit of complainant and the payment of 25 cents per acre, the complainant was entitled to receive a title to said land.” “These defendants .further answering complainant’s bill, say that by Act of Congress of the United States, being an Act to Enable the State of Arkansas and other States to Reclaim the Swamp and Overflowed Lands within their Limits, passed and approved the 28th, day of September 1850, and for accuracy of statement, the defendants refer to the Act itself, which is made a part of this answer, the State acquired the land for which the complainant is suing and claiming that he is entitled to under the law to which he has made reference, that said lands as well as all the swamp and overflowed lands that have been
The defendants, further answering, say that the Constitution of Florida provides among other things that 25 per cent of the proceeds of.the sales of public lands shall be paid into the State School Fund. That this provision of the Constitution of Florida has been in full force and effect since the ratification of the Constitution of 1868, since which date millions of acres of the public lands of Florida have been sold, out of the proceeds of which, the State School Fund, by reason of the Constitutional provisions, was entitled to receive 25 per cent. That from the date of the ratification of said State Constitution of 1868 until on or about the month of November, 1908, the State School Fund has not
That 25 per cent, of the proceeds of future sales of public lands are likewise required to be paid over to the State School Fund, by virtue of said constitutional provision, which is by virtue of the Constitution aforesaid a prior and superior obligation on the Internal Improvement Fund to that created by the provisions of the Act of the Legislature of 1883 providing for the sale to actual settlers, to any person being the head of a family over the age of 21 years and a citizen of the State for homestead purposes, under which the complainant claims.
The defendants, further answering, say, that they are proceeding in good faith, and with great energy to perform the original trust imposed upon them by the Act
The defendants, • further answering, say, that it was ascertained about the year 1903, that the Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund did not have sufficient lands and moneys to carry into effect the duties imposed upon said trustees, and to perform the original trusts under the laws governing the Internal Improvement Fund, and at the same time provide for subsequent trusts provided by subsequent Acts of the Legislature, and especially the one relating to homesteads, approved in 1883, under which the complainant sues; and the Trustees determined at that time not to undertake to perform subsequent trusts, but to husband their resources for the purpose of
“That at the time of the settlement on the land described in the bill of complaint by Charles H. Root, the complainant, the Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund of Florida, acting within their statutory authority and in the exercise of their discretion and with due regard for the trusts committed to them had previously laid out and defined a drainage district which embraced all of the swamp and overflowed lands south of the township line between townships thirty-two (32) and thirty-three (33) South, and east of the range line between ranges twenty-seven (27) and twenty-eight (28) East, and were actively and actually engaged at the time of said settlement on the lands described in the bill in making such arrangements for the drainage of the swamp and overflowed lands embraced within said drainage dis trict as in their judgment was most advantageous to the Internal Improvement Fund and the settlement an|d cultivation of the said lands, and that all of the said swamp and overflowed lands embraced within said drainage district and owned by the said Internal Improvement Fund, including the land described in the bill of complaint, were necessary for the execution by the trustees aforesaid of the work undertaken and begun by them of draining the said swamp and overflowed lands contained in said drainage district and accomplishing the settlement and cultivation thereof.
That at the time of the alleged settlement of the land
That in order to redeem said obligations and execute said contracts and carry on said work of draining and reclaiming the swamp and overflowed lands embraced in said drainage district to the end that said public trust
These defendants further answering say: that for many years prior to the 17th day of June, 1907, the date upon which the complainant alleges that he entered upon the land described in said bill and made improvements thereon as alleged in said bill, and ever since such time prior to the said 17th day of June, 1907, continuously to the present time the said Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund-were and have been actively engaged in the performance of the said public trust imposed by the said act of 1855, Chapter six hundred and ten (610) of making such arrangement for the drainage of the swamp and overflowed lands as in their judgments were most advantageous to the Internal Improvement Fund and the settlement and cultication of the land, and that all of the swamp and overflowed lands which were vested in the said Trustees for the purposes of the said trusts were necessary for the execution by the said Trustees of the said original public trust, which said public trust before and at the time of the alleged settlement by the complainant upon the land described in the bill was actually being performed by the said Trustees and for which performance obligations had been and were
That if the trusts imposed by tbe Legislature of Florida upon tbe Internal Improvement Fund as designated and-defined in sections six hundred twenty-four, six hundred twenty-five and six hundred twentysix (62á, 625 and 626) of tbe General Statutes of tbe State of Florida, were required to be performed by tbe Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund and observed by them, that tbe said Trustees of tbe Internal Improvement Fund would be powerless to execute and continue to completion tbe said original public trust imposed upon tbe Fund by the said Act of 1855, Chapter six hundred and ten (610), for the reason that tbe said Trustees would be required to dispose of tbe swamp and overflowed lands at and for a price so small and inadequate that it would be impossible to raise sufficient funds to carry on tbe said work of drainage and reclamation undertaken by them as aforesaid. That said Trustees have no other source of revenue to enable them to continue said work except tbe sale from time to time, of swamp and overflowed lands.
Tbe defendants further answering say that tbe lands described in the bill of complaint, at tbe time of complainant’s settlement thereon and at tbe time of tbe alleged filing by him of tbe said- affidavit, with the Commissioner of Agriculture as required by Sections six hundred and twenty-five (625) of the General Statutes, were, on account of their location and situation in said drainage district with reference to tbe canals then in course of construction in tbe work of draining and reclaiming tbe swamp and overflowed lands, needful to be used by tbe said. Trustees at their discretion to meet tbe obligations assumed by tbe said Trustees, in the then
These defendants further answering say that the swamp and overflowed lands contained in said Internal Improvement Fund now and at the time of the filing of the bill of complaint herein and at the date of the settlement upon the lands described in the bill by the said complainant were and are not sufficient for both the public trust of drainage and reclamation designated by the act of 1855, Chapter six hundred and ten (610) and the trust designated and directed by the Legislature in Sections six hundred and twenty-four, six hundred and twenty-five and six hundred and twenty-six (624, 625 and 626) of the General Statutes of the State of Florida to be performed.
These defendants further answering say that the sale of the land described in the bill of complaint by the Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund to the said John J. Gardner, was made by the said Trustees for the" purpose of aiding them in the execution of the said public trust imposed by the Act of 1855, Chapter six hundred and ten (610), to make such arrangement for the drainage of the swamp and overflowed lands as in the judgment of the said Trustees was most advantageous to the Internal Improvement Fund, and the settlement and cultivation of the land, and at the time of making said sale the said Trustees were actually engaged in the performance of said Trust and had assumed obligations and entered into contracts for the performance of said Trust requiring
The defendant Trustees further answering say that before the bill was filed in this case, they transferred and conveyed the title to the land described in the bill and at the time of the filing of the said bill had no interest in the subect matter of this suit.”
Replication was filed to the answers after the exceptions thereto had been sustained and testimony was taken as to the occupancy of the land by Root and his making of the statutory affidavit and tendering 25 cents per acre for the land. Final decree for the complainant was rendered and the defendants appealed therefrom. Errors are assigned on the orders sustaining the exceptions to the answers and on the final decree.
By treaty of February 22nd, 1819, the Kingdom of Spain ceded “to the United States in full property and sovereignty, all the territories .................................... known by the name of East and West Florida,” with an expressed provision that all the grants of land made by Spain before January 24th, 1818, in said Territories shall be ratified and confirmed to the persons in possession of the lands. State ex rel. Ellis v. Gerbing, 56 Fla. 603, 47 South. Rep. 353.
Under that Treaty the United States acquired the ownership of all the swamp and overflowed lands in the area now constituting the territorial limits of the State of Florida that had not previously been granted by Spain, and the admission of the State of Florida into the Union by the Act of Congress approved March 3rd, 1845, did not affect the proprietary rights of the United States in the lands within the State that have been ceded .to the United
By Act of Congress approved September 28th, 1850, the United States, “to enable the State............................................. to construct the necessary levees and drains to reclaim the swamp and overflowed lands therein,” “granted to said State,” “the whole of these swamp and overflowed lands, made unfit thereby for cultivation.” “Provided, however, that the proceeds of said lands, whether from sale or by direct appropriation in kind, shall be applied, exclusively, ’as far as necessary, for the purpose of reclaiming said lands by means of the levees and drains aforesaid.”
By virtue of this grant, the State has received title by patents from the United States to perhaps twenty million acres of swamp and overflowed lands in the State, including the eighty acres in controversy. The disposition of the lands thus granted to the State of Florida was within the Legislative discretion, the obligation of the sovereign State to observe the condition that they “shall be applied, exclusively, as far as necessary, for the purpose of reclaiming said lands by means'of the levees and drains aforesaid,” resting only in the sovereign relations of the two governments.
In recognition of the purpose of the grant by the United States to the State of the swamp and overflowed lands, the Legislature by Chapter 610, Acts of 1855, placed the lands granted to it by the Act of Congress of September 28th, 1850, in the “Internal Improvement Fund of the State of Florida,” the lands being “irrevocably vested in five trustees” who are State officers, and their successors in office, “to hold the same in trust for the uses .and purposes” set out in the act. Trustees of I. I. Fund
“620. The Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund shall fix the price of the public lands included in the trust, having due regard to their location, value for agricultural purposes or on account of timber of navai stores, and make such arrangements for the drainage of the swamp or overflowed lands as in’ their judgment may be most advantageous to the Internal Improvement Fund, and the settlement and cultivation of the lands; and the said trustees shall encourage actual settlement and cultivation of the said lands by allowing pre-emptions under such rules and regulations as they may deem advisable: Provided, That in no case shall pre-emption for more than one section of land be granted to any one settler.”
In 1883, the legislature enacted Chapter 3451, now sections 624, 625 and 626 of the General Statutes, as follows:
“624. Any person being the head of a family or twenty-one years' of age, and a citizen of the State, shall be entitled to purchase eighty acres or less quantity of any lands of the Internal Improvement Fund donated to the State by the Act of Congress of September 28, 1850, for the price of twentyffive cents per acre, as provided in the two sections next following.”
“625. The person applying for the benefit of the last preceeding section shall file with the Commissioner of Agriculture his affidavit that he is the head of a family,- or is twenty-one years of age, and is a citizen of this State, and that such purchase is made for the purpose of actual settlement and cultivation and that he has no
• “626. When any person entitled to the benefit of the two preceding sections shall have settled on any land subect to purchase under said sections, and shall have made improvements thereon by erecting a building and fencing, and cultivating not less than one acre thereof, he shall have the first right to purchase the land so settled, and any other person desiring to purchase the land so settled shall give to the original settler six months’ notice of his intention before being permitted to purchase the same.”
It appears that Eoot, a citizen of Florida over twenty-one years of age, entered upon the eighty acres of land in controversy about June 20th, 1907, and made improvements thereon and cultivated more than one acre thereof; that he has since remained on and cultivated the same; that about February 11th, 1908, he filed with the Commissioner of Agriculture his affidavit, and tendered therewith twenty dollars for the eighty acres under the provisions of Sections 624, 625 and 626 above quoted. The Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund refused to convey the land to Eoot and conveyed • it to Cardner. Eoot seeks relief in this equity proceeding.
The provisions of the quoted enactments of 1855 and 1883 are not. inconsistent or repugnant, but are intended to operate together for the purpose of securing the drainage, settlement and cultivation of the swamp and over flowed lands that were committed to the trustees under the act of 1855.
Section 16, Chapter 610, Acts of 1855, Section 620 of the General Statutes of 1906, imposes upon the Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund the duty to make such arrangements for the drainage of the swamp and overflowed lands as is most advantageous to the fund and the settlement and cultivation of the lands. Trustees I. I. Fund v. Gleason, 15 Fla. 381.
The statutory duty of the Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund to fix the price of the public lands included in trust, and to make such arrangements for the drainage of the swamp and overflowed lands as in their judgment may be most advantageous to the fund and the settlement and cultivation of the lands, continues under Section 620 of the General Statutes of 1906, alad this duty is recognized by Chapter 3326 Acts of 1881, Section 628, of the General Statutes of 1906, as well as in the special acts granting portions of the swamp and overflowed lands to railroad and canal companies and others for different purposes of internal improvement.
In the provisions of Chapter 3151, Acts of 1883, Sec tions 621, 625' and 626, of the General Statutes of 1906, there are no indications that the statutory duty of the trustees to fix the price of lands and to make arrange ments for the drainage, settlement and cultivation of the swamp and overflowed lands, is impaired except that the actual settlers should have the advantages stated in the act in purchasing eighty acres each of such lands as
If matter contained in an answer in an equity cause is relevant or can have apy influence in the decision of the subject matter of the controversy, it is not impertinent. Bush v. Adams, 22 Fla. 177; Holzendorf v. Terrell, 52 Fla. 525, 42 South Rep. 584.
It cannot be said that the matters stricken from the answers upon the exceptions in this case are irrelevant, or that the stricken portions of the answers can have no influence in the decision of the cause, therefore error in sustaining the exceptions is apparant.
The stricken portions of the answers refer to enactments under which trusts were established and duties imposed upon the trustees to use the land of the trust for public purposes, and in effect aver matters that have at least some bearing and influence upon the controversy. In some of the stricken matter it is specifically averred that when Boot entered upon the land and made application to purchase it the Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund in the performance of the trust imposed upon them by Section 16, Chapter 610, Acts of 1855, Section 620 of the General Statutes of 1906, to drain the swamp and overflowed lands- belonging to the fund, had laid out and defined a drainage district which embraced
These and other portions of the stricken matter as set out in this opinion clearly relate to the equities alleged in the bill of cqmplaint and the exceptions on the ground of irrelevancy and impertinance should not have been sustained.
If the proofs show that before Root settled in the lands and offered to purchase, the lands had been lawfully appropriated or used or pledged or bound for the purposes of an existing trust that was actually being performed as required by law, the entry of Root upon the land and his offer to buy was not within the conditions contemplated by Sections 624, 625 and 626 of the General Statutes of 1906.
It is suggested that as Sections 869, 870 and 871 of the General Statutes of 1906, require the proceeds from the sales of all swamp and overflowed lands after the payment of “all legal obligations” against them, to be paid to the State Treasurer for distribution among the counties for constructing hard roads, the exceptions to the averments of the answers as to the use of the lands for the purposes of the trust to drain under Section 620 of the General Statutes of 1906, were properly sustained for impertinence.
The statutes of the State contain many legislative enactments, making disposition of the swamp and overflowed lands belonging to the State, and such disposi tions are made “subject to the rights of all creditors of the Internal Improvement Fund, and to the trust to' which said fund is applicable and subject under the act approved January 6th, 1885, and entitled £an act to provide for and encourage a liberal system of internal im
Where debts or land grants or contracts existed as “legal obligations” against the lands at the first enactment in 1903 of Sections 869, 870 and 871 of the General-Statutes of 1906, such obligations have priority over the disposition of the fund as provided in. Sections 869. 870 and 871.
It does not appear that “all legal obligations” existing against the lands or the fund when the act of 1903 became effective have been discharged or satisfied, and the intended beneficiaries of the act of 1903 are not par ties to this suit and are not represented here. The answers specifically aver that moneys due by the Trustees to the School fund under the constitution have not been paid.
Whatever may be the legal effect of the provisions of Sections 869, 870 and 871, 'of the General Statutes of 1906, such provisions do not of themselves render impertinent the portions of the answers that were stricken in this case.
As there was error in sustaining the exceptions to the ansfwer, the defendants were thereby deprived of an essential part of their defense, therefore, the final decree is reversed and the cause is remanded for appropriate proceedings.