60 Colo. 356 | Colo. | 1915
delivered the opinion of the court.
On the 3rd of August, 1913, the Jamieson House Furnishing Company, defendant in er-ror, brought an action for possession of certain land, in the District Court of Las Animas County, against plaintiff in error, the Trinidad National Bank.
The situation is shown by an agreed statement of facts, upon which the cause was submitted and decided by the trial court. The property involved is lots 8 and 9, block 15 of Terry’s addition to. the city of Trinidad. August 5th, 1910, Susie M. and Thomas B. Lochard instituted an action in attachment against the owner of the property, C. S. Innis, to recover the sum of $162.25. A writ of attachment issued therein and-was levied on the property. Summons issued upon which return was made that defendant could not be found. Thereafter the plaintiff Thomas B. Lochard filed affidavit showing the defendant Innis to be a non-resident of the state, and an order was thereupon entered for service by publication. The summons was published as required by law, entitled “Susie M. Lochard and Thomas B. Lochard, vs. C. S. Innis, defendant,” stating the amount of the demand as $162.25 and costs of suit.
The defendant in error, the Jamieson House Furnishing Company, filed its complaint, affidavit and undertaking' in attachment against Innis, on the 3rd of September, 1910, to recover the sum of $285.68, and was also upon application made a party plaintiff to the Lochard suit.
The bank subsequently dismissed the Lochard suit, and in due course foreclosed the trust deed, and procured a deed of the property from the public trustee. Meanwhile the Jamieson Company recovered judgment against Innis, execution issued, the property was advertised and sold to satisfy the judgment, and in due course a sheriff’s deed was executed and delivered to it. About a month after the recovery of this judgment the sheriff made return upon writ of attachment theretofore issued in the cause of Lochard vs. Innis, under an order of the court directing that the same be made nunc pro tunc.
It will be observed that Innis never at any time entered his appearance in any of the proceedings; that .no summons was issued or served by publication or otherwise giving him notice of the claims and demands of either the bank or the Jamieson company; that the only service made, and the only writ of attachment issued or levied was in the original suit of Lochard v. Innis. In the court below the. Jamieson company relied upon its sheriff’s deed to eject the bank, who in
Sections 99 and 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure, R. S. 1908, respectively, read as follows:
“That no final judgment shall be rendered in a cause wherein an attachment writ has been issued and'a levy made thereunder, until the expiration of thirty days after such levy has been made; and any creditor of the defendant making and filing an affidavit and undertaking, as hereinbefore required of the plaintiff, together with his complaint setting forth his claim or demand constituting his cause of action against the defendant, shall, upon application to the court wherein such action is brought, be made a party plaintiff in such action, and may have like remedies against the defendant to secure his claim or demand, as the law gives to the original plaintiff.”
“After any creditor has been made a party to the action, as hereinbefore provided, a dismissal by the first or any subsequent attaching creditor of his cause of action, or proceedings in attachment, shall not operate as a dismissal of the attachment proceedings, as to any other attaching creditor ; but that the remaining creditors may proceed to final judgment therein the same as though no such dismissal had been made.”
It is provided by section 99 that within thirty days after the levy of an attachment writ any creditor of the defendant, upon filing affidavit, undertaking and complaint, shall upon application be made a party plaintiff to the proceeding “and may have like remedies against the defendant to secure his claim or demand as the law gives to the original plaintiff.” What is meant by “like remedies?” Is a subsequent intervening creditor required to. proceed in all particulars to acquire jurisdiction as did the original plaintiff, or is the service by publication and levy of the writ by the
The plain purpose of the statute was to permit creditors to pro-rate the proceeds of attached property, not to permit them to establish rights in a strange and unusual way.. The provision simply makes it possible for all creditors to put themselves in a position of equality, in respect to the satisfaction, out of the property attached, of claims properly asserted and regularly adjudicated; and it is a matter of administrative policy and convenience that all creditors intervening are, upon application, named as plaintiffs in one general proceeding for the purpose of determining and adjudicating their respective rights. Prior to its adoption the first in time secured a preferential right over the claims of all other creditors. Speed was made paramount, and the first attaching creditor gained an exclusive, and oftentimes an unfair advantage over others. Section 99 appeared in the amendment of 1894, and was designed, as its express terms indicate, to eliminate the possible occurence of such inequality under the law. This was the unquestionable purpose of the enactment of. the new section, and therefore if.it was intended to therein provide a means whereby any and all intervening creditors are permitted to prosecute their claims to judgment, under publication of notice and levy of a writ by the original attaching creditor, that should appear in plain terms, and not by resort to doubtful construction. The constitutional provision concerning due process demands that all laws which permit the taking of property upon constructive notice shall be subjected to strict scrutiny by the courts, and the intent to accomplish that end
Remedy is the means employed to enforce a right or redress an injury. 2 Bouvier’s Law Dictionary, p. 870; 7 Words & Phrases, p. 6073. The “like remedies” secured to an intervening attachment creditor by section 99 are no more or less than such means as were available to the original plaintiff to establish and secure his claim, that is to say, upon the filing of affidavit, undertaking and complaint, with application to be made a party plaintiff in the original proceeding, the intervening creditor merely places his claim, in point of time of action, and for the purpose of pro-ration, upon an equal basis with that of the original plaintiff, and should enforce his rights by the same legal modes as were available to the one first to act. It certainly was not intended thereby to put an intervening creditor in a better position than he who first attached, and the statute grants no privilege which obviates taking the steps ordinarily xequiste to jurisdiction in order to recover a valid judgment upon a claim properly established. The claim of the Jamie-son company was a separate cause of action. To hold that “like remedies” comprehends that the attachment debtor has constructive notice, by the original proceeding, of any and all causes of action which might be subsequently assertéd against him upon his contractual obligations, would be to declare that which is plainly not within the purview of the section, much less within its express terms.
Section 102, Code, R. S. 1908, provides that whenever it shall appear that “levies of writs of attachment have been made upon the property of the defendant” sufficient to render him insolvent, it shall, upon application, be ordered that “writs of attachment” may issue in suits upon contracts not yet due, in order that such attaching creditors may pro-rate in the proceeds of the attached property. Section 104 reads thus in part: “In every case where an affidavit shall be
The judgment rendered in favor of the Jamieson company was void, and no rights were acquired by it under the sheriff’s deed. The court below erred in adjudging it the owner and entitled to the possession of the property as against the bank, and therefore, the judgment is reversed and the cause remanded with directions to enter judgment in favor of the plaintiff in error.
Judgment reversed and cause remanded with directions.
Gabbert, C. J., and White, J., concur.