83 Ga. 372 | Ga. | 1889
In strong contrast to the length and verbosity of the motion in arrest of judgment, which is expanded into fifteen grounds (see the official report prefixed to this opinion), is the brief of counsel for the plaintiff’ in error, which is as follows:
“This prosecution can only he sustained, if at all, under section 4451 of the code. Under that section, an intent to defraud must be alleged., If the alleged intention appears from the forged instrument to be impossible of execution, the indictment is defective, and the defect is not merely formal; it affects the real merits of the offence. Code, §4629.”
The brief is correct in the suggestion that the indictment is founded on section 4451 of the code, which declares that “if any person shall fraudulently make, sign, forge, counterfeit or alter, or be concerned in the fraudulent making, signing, forging, counterfeiting or altering any other writing not herein provided for, with
The writing set forth in the indictment and copied at length in the official report, falls within the terms of section, because it is not elsewhere in the code provided for. The intention of the legislature was evidently to embrace every species of writing that could be used to defraud another. Berrisford v. The State, 66 Ga. 53; Burke v. The State, Ib. 157; Johnson v. The State, 62 Ga. 299; 2 Bishop Crim. Law, §523 et seq. No doubt, in some jurisdictions, any extrinsic facts requisite to render a doubtful, obscure or incomplete instrument efficient in the consummation of fraud would have to be alleged. 2 Bish. Cr. L. §545 ; Rembert v. The State, 53 Ala. 467, s. c. 25 Am. Rep. 639 ; but this rule does not prevail in Georgia, the code declaring, in section 4628, that an indictment which states the offence in the terms and language of the code, or so plainly that the nature of the offence charged may be easily-understood by the jury, shall be sufficiently technical and correct. The next section provides that exceptions which go merely to the form of an indictment, shall be-made before trial, and no motion in arrest of judgment shall be sustained for any matter not affecting the real merits of the offence charged. Here the forged writing is fully set out, and all averments in relation to it are in the terms and language of the code." If, as the indictment alleges, the forgery was committed with intent to defraud either the railroad company or John Bannister, the accused was guilty ; that such intent existed, and the mode by which it could have been accomplished, were matters of evidence, and after verdict it is to be presumed that they were established by evidence to the satisfaction of the jury. Rataree v. The State, 62 Ga. 245. There might have been several