188 Ind. 79 | Ind. | 1919
— It appears from the amended complaint in this case that Harry Travis was killed by the falling of a bridge constructed by appellee on a public highway under contract with the board of commissioners of LaPorte county. Appellant; as his administratrix, brought this action against appellee to recover damages resulting from his death, basing her right to recover on the negligence of appellee in the construction of the bridge. The trial court sustained a demurrer addressed to the complaint on the ground that it did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. This ruling is
The complaint shows that appellee as contractor constructed the bridge in question under a contract with the board of commissioners of LaPorte county in the year 1905, and that on August 27, 1910, while appellant’s decedent was crossing it with a traction engine, it gave way and fell, causing injuries which resulted in his death. It is alleged that the bridge was constructed on stone abutments on each side of the stream with a floor beam in the center thereof supported by certain truss-rods, and that iron stringers were laid from the stone .abutments on each side with the other ends meeting and resting on the floor beam. It is charged that appellee was negligent in failing to fasten the ends of the stringers to the floor beam and to other parts of the bridge and to each other, and that by reason of such negligent failure and omission the stringers crept and shifted from the vibrations of the bridge and finally fell from the floor beam, causing the floor of the bridge resting thereon to fall. It is further alleged that the defective and dangerous condition of the bridge was known to appellee, and that they were not known to appellant’s decedent for the reason that the floor of the bridge concealed such condition from him and the public generally.
In determining the question presented by the assignment of error this court is required to decide whether or not a duty rested on appellee to use care in the construction of the bridge in favor of travelers on the highway who might use the bridge. If a duty rested on appellee to use care to protect that class of persons from injury, such duty may be asserted in behalf of appellant’s decedent, and an action based on the failure to discharge the duty thus imposed. On the other hand, if the law under the. facts stated imposed no duty on the
1. In the construction of bridges by the county as a part of the public highways the primary duty to make them safe for the use of the public rests on the county, aná/the fact that the legislature in this state has' not imposed a liability on counties for the breach of such duty does not in any sense divest the county of such primary obligation as between it and independent contractors. At the time the contract for the building of the bridge was let to appellee by the board of commissioners of LaPorte county, the statute required that such contract should be let pursuant to notice and in accordance with a survey, profile and general plan which the statute required ‘to be deposited with the county auditor for two weeks prior to the time the contract was let. Acts 1899 p. 170, §5590 et seq. Burns 1901.
The rule thus announced applies to all cases where an independent contractor constructs a building, bridge, or other structure under contract with an individual or corporation, in the absence of a showing that such' fraud, deceit or intentional concealment of defects was practiced by the contractor in obtaining the acceptance as to render such acceptance ineffectual. Wharton, Negligence (2d ed.) §438. Curtin v. Somerset (1891), 140 Pa. 70, 21 Atl. 244, 12 L. R. A. 322, 23 Am. St. 220; Burdick v. Cheadle (1875), 26 Ohio St. 393, 20 Am. Rep. 767.
In the case of Casey v. Wrought Iron Bridge Co. (1905), 114 Mo. App. 47, 89 S. W. 330, the contractor was held liable for negligence in the construction of a bridge to a person who was injured by the bridge falling a short time after it was accepted, on the ground that the contractor knew of the defects and knew that the bridge was dangerous at the time it was accepted, and ■that such defects were intentionally concealed so as to prevent their discovery by a reasonable inspection. No such question is presented in the case at bar.
If an article not inherently dangerous is sold by the .manufacturer under the belief that it is free from defects which render it unsafe or dangerous for use, he cannot be held liable for negligence in its manufacture in favor of strangers-to the contract. The liability of the manufacturer of articles of the character under consideration depends, so far as strangers to the contract are concerned, on the breach of the duty which the law imposes on him to give notice to the purchaser of defects known to him which renders the article unsafe
The manufacturer of articles which in their nature are inherently dangerous, such as poisonous drugs improperly labeled, are held liable to strangers to the contract of sale for any injury sustained resulting from negligence in the manufacture or labeling of such articles, regardless of any knowledge of the danger occasioned by such negligence. Norton v. Sewall (1870), 106 Mass. 143, 8 Am. Rep. 298; Thomas v. Winchester (1852), 6 N. Y. 397, 57 Am. Dec. 455; Peterson v. Standard Oil Co. (1910), 55 Ore. 511, 106 Pac. 337, Ann. Cas. 1912A 625.
A consideration of the principles stated and. the authorities cited affords a means of distinguishing the cases cited by appellant from the case at bar. The trial court did not err in sustaining the demurrer to the complaint.
• Judgment affirmed.
Note. — Reported in 122 N. E. 1. Negligence: liability of maker of automobiles to third persons for defective construction, Ann.'Cas. 1913B 689, 1917E 584. See also under (2) 29 Cyc 499; (3-5) 29 Cyc 478-484.