242 S.W. 242 | Tex. Crim. App. | 1922
Lead Opinion
Conviction is for the unlawful sale of intoxicating liquor; punishment fixed at confinement in the penitentiary for two years.
The record is before us without statement of facts or bill of exceptions. *141
Appellant filed a motion to quash the indictment, which was overruled, and in the motion for new trial, he complains of the action of the court in so doing.
Omitting the formal parts, the indictment reads thus:
". . . in the County of Kerr and State of Texas, did then and there unlawfully sell one bottle of spirituous, vinous and intoxicating liquor capable of producing intoxication, to one Vernon Cochran, against the peace and dignity of the State."
The criticisms present the idea that the words "spirituous, vinous and intoxicating liquor" do not specifically describe the offense, that is, do not inform the appellant of the nature of the intoxicating liquor with the sale of which he is charged. The statute upon which the prosecution is founded declares that "it shall be unlawful for any person, directly or indirectly, to sell spirituous, vinous, or malt liquor, or medicated bitters capable of producing intoxication, or any other intoxicant whatever." (See Acts of the 37th Leg., Chap. 61, Sec. 1, 1st Called Session).
The indictment follows the language of the statute, which, speaking generally, is sufficient, (Branch's Ann. Tex. Penal Code, Sec. 494) though if the averments are descriptive of the offense, they must be proved as laid. Branch's Ann. Tex. Penal Code, Sec. 498; also Todd v. State, 89 Tex.Crim. Rep., 229 S.W. Rep., 515.
"Where several ways by which an offense may be committed are set forth in the same statute, and they are embraced in the same general definition and are punishable in the same manner and to the same extent, and are not repugnant to each other, they are not distinct offenses but different phases of the same offense, and may be charged conjunctively in the same count."
Branch's Ann. Tex. Penal Code, Sec. 508, and cases there collated.
Apparently, this principle obtains in the instant case. The offense denounced by the statute is the unlawful sale of intoxicating liquor. Whether the liquor sold be spirituous, vinous, or malt, it still comes within the general definition of sale of intoxicating liquor. A very full discussion of the authorities upon this subject wll be found in Todd's case,
Another point made against the indictment is that it did not negative the exceptions. Under Chapter 78, supra, certain exceptions *142
were embraced within the definition of the offense. In an indictment drawn under that statute, the law required that the exceptions be negatived. Robert v. State,
The judgment is affirmed.
Affirmed.
Addendum
Appellant most respectfully but persuasively argues that we were wrong in holding that the indictment charges only one offense, and was therefor not duplicitous. We still believe the law is against him on his contention. From the 23 Vol. Cyc. at page 228, sub. c. we quote:
"In an indictment for an unlawful sale of liquor, in the description of the article sold, it will generally be sufficient to follow the language of the statute on which the prosecution is founded. And if the statute prohibits the sale of several enumerated kinds of liquor, in the disjunctive, the indictment may properly alleged the sale of each and all of them conjunctively."
Many cases are cited supporting the proposition. From Jones v. Commonwealth,
"The indictment charges that the defendant sold spirituous, vinous, and malt liquors in Hart County, etc. It is contended that it charges three offenses, because it charges that the appellant sold spirituous, vinous, and malt liquors. It is also claimed that they are three offenses that cannot be united, because of the provisions of sections 126 and 127 of the Criminal Code of Practice. Without going into a discussion of the question as to whether or not, as an original question, this court should have given an interpretation to the sections of the Code, as insisted by counsel for appellant, it is sufficient to say that this court in hundreds of cases has treated and regarded as valid indictments charging defendants with having sold spirituous, vinous, and malt liquors. The court therefore regards the question raised by counsel as settled adversely to his contention."
In Kreamer v. State, 106 Indiana, 193, the defendant was charged with having sold to a minor "intoxicating, spirituous, vinous and malt liquors." The court there said:
"Appellant's learned counsel very earnestly insist in their brief of this cause, that the indictment, the substance of which we have heretofore given, is bad for duplicity, in this, that it charges in a single count the unlawful sale of spirituous, vinous, malt and intoxicating *143
liquors. The indictment is badly constructed, and, on that score, is justly subject to criticism, but we do not think it can be correctly charged with duplicity, in the proper sense of that term as applied to an indictment or other pleading. It charges a single sale to one person only, for one price, of a number of commodities, the unlawful sale of either of which commodities would, under the statute, constitute a public offence. In other words, the indictment charges appellant with only one public offence, punishable with only one punishment. In the recent cases of Davis v. State,
In The State v. Whitted, 3 Alabama, 102, accused was charged with selling "spirituous liquors, to-wit, rum, brandy, whisky and gin." It was urged that the indictment charged four distinct offenses. Judge Goldthwaite dismisses it rather summarily in the following language:
"The form pursued in this indictment, has been in use from the first organization of the State, and therefore, it is not improbable that this precise question has been made and decided upon every circuit in South Alabama, for the last twenty years; but notwithstanding the universality of this precedent, we are now called on to decide it as a novel and difficult question.
On the merits of the question referred, it may be said that the selling of any of the liquors named, would be an offence; but there is no more reason why an offender should be indicted separately for each, than there would to charge a thief, who had stolen a suit of clothes, in separate counts for the coat, waistcoat, etc."
To the same effect are the many other cases cited under the quotation from Cyc. As persuasive of the correctness of the holding we may cite our own Criminal Code, condemning sale of intoxicants to minors, and against permitting it to be drunk on premises where sold, and many other statutes in effect prior to the adoption of the present law, where the approved forms for indictments as given by White and Wilson follow the form used in the instant case without ever having been questioned so far as we have found. That portion of Sec. 1, Chap. 61 of the Acts of the Thirty-seventh Legislature now under consideration denounced the sale of intoxicants as an offense, whether it be committed by selling spirituous, vinous or malt liquor, or medicated bitters capable of producing intoxication, or a mixture of any two or more of them.
The motion for rehearing will be overruled.
Overruled. *144