178 F.2d 712 | D.C. Cir. | 1949
TONKER
v.
UNITED STATES.
No. 10220.
United States Court of Appeals District of Columbia Circuit.
Argued October 3, 1949.
Decided October 26, 1949.
Mr. James C. McKay, Washington, D. C., for appellant.
Mr. Charles B. Murray, Assistant United States Attorney, Washington, D. C., with whom Mr. George Morris Fay, United States Attorney, and Mr. Cecil R. Heflin, Assistant United States Attorney, Washington, D. C., were on the brief, for appellee.
Mr. Joseph M. Howard, Assistant United States Attorney, Washington, D. C., also entered an appearance for appellee.
Before EDGERTON, PRETTYMAN and PROCTOR, Circuit Judges.
PRETTYMAN, Circuit Judge.
A district of Columbia statute1 describes and penalizes certain sexual acts and then provides: "And in any indictment for the commission of any of the acts, hereby declared to be offenses, it shall not be necessary to set forth the particular unnatural or perverted sexual practice with the commission of which the defendant may be charged, nor to set forth the particular manner in which said unnatural or perverted sexual practice was committed, but it shall be sufficient if the indictment set forth that the defendant committed a certain unnatural and perverted sexual practice with a person or animal, as the case may be: Provided, That the accused, on motion, shall be entitled to be furnished with a bill of particulars, setting forth the particular acts which constitute the offense charged."
Appellant was indicted in four counts under this statute. He was convicted on two counts and acquitted on two. He appealed from the judgment of conviction.
The indictment followed the statute precisely. It identified the statute alleged to have been violated. The charge, as stated, was that on a certain day and within the District of Columbia appellant "committed a certain unnatural and perverted sexual practice" with a certain person. Appellant moved to dismiss but did not move for a bill of particulars.
Appellant says that the indictment was insufficient to satisfy the constitutional requirement that he be informed of the accusation against him.2 We think it was sufficient. An indictment must describe the offense with such certainty as that the accused may prepare his defense and also may be protected against another charge for the same offense, but modern practice has been away from prolixity and from details which are unnecessary to the proper function of the indictment. The cases cited in the footnote hereto3 support the view we take, and we are persuaded particularly by the opinion of Judge Lehman in People v. Bogdanoff, in which opinion Chief Judge Cardozo and Judges Pound and O'Brien concurred.
The indictment before us plainly apprised the accused of the nature of the offense with which he was charged, and plainly identified that offense. Only details of description were missing, and they were available to him as a matter of right. The utmost of his constitutional right was not and could not be denied him.
Lest it be said that we are announcing new doctrine, we note that in Volume 78 of the Full Reprint of English Reports, at page 159, appears the report of a case in "Pasch. 16 Jacobi", which would be about the year 1600. The report says: "A man was indicted de verberationem & vulnerationem of J. S. and the words (vi & armis) were left out of the indictment. And the same was adjudged to be helped by the statute, and that the indictment was good."
Affirmed.
Notes:
Pub.L. No. 615, 80th Cong., 2d Sess., § 104 (a), June 9, 1948, 62 Stat. 346, 347
U.S.Const. Amend. VI
People v. Bogdanoff, 1930, 254 N.Y. 16, 171 N.E. 890, 69 A.L.R. 1378; Bartell v. United States, 1913, 227 U.S. 427, 33 S. Ct. 383, 57 L. Ed. 583; State v. Roy, 1936, 40 N.M. 397, 60 P.2d 646, 110 A.L. R. 1; State v. Engler, 1933, 217 Iowa 138, 251 N.W. 88; State v. Capaci, 1934, 179 La. 462, 154 So. 419; State v. Whitmore, 1933, 126 Ohio St. 381, 185 N.E. 547