37 A.2d 511 | Pa. | 1944
There is practically no controversy in this case as to the manner in which the accident happened and scarcely any as to its cause. On the evening of December 24, 1941, plaintiffs — husband, wife, and their four children — were the occupants of an automobile moving in an easterly direction along the Saltsburg Road in Allegheny County. That road is a two-lane highway 18 feet in width and, at the point of the accident, makes a 45 degree curve to the left in the direction in which plaintiffs were traveling. Their automobile had been following about two or three car lengths to the rear of a large bus belonging to Harmony Short Line Motor Transportation Company but operated by Edwards Motor Transit Company to which the bus and its driver had been leased and complete control surrendered. The driver, who admittedly was unfamiliar with the road, made such a sharp turn in following the curve to the left that the bus passed across the white line which there marked the centre of the highway, and, before it fully regained the proper side, its left rear came into collision with the front left side of an automobile which, driven by a man named Schack, was coming in the opposite direction. When the bus went over to the wrong side of the road the Schack car was distant from it not more than 50 feet and this gap was almost instantly closed by his car, traveling at the rate of 20 miles an hour, traversing 20 feet and the bus, traveling at the rate of 25 or 30 miles an hour, traversing 30 feet. The impact rendered Schack unconscious and threw the car out of his control; it careened over to the opposite side of the road where it crashed into the automobile of the plaintiffs, causing them the injuries and property damage which gave rise to the present suit. *422
When the action was started it was brought against both the Harmony Company and the Edwards Company, each of which filed an affidavit of defense denying the agency of the operator of the bus; the affidavit of the Harmony Company was fully justified but that of the Edwards Company was not, because, as the testimony subsequently disclosed, the bus was unquestionably being operated for and by the Edwards Company. However, agency being thus denied, it became necessary for plaintiffs to prove it, and for that purpose they called, among others, the bus driver himself, but confined his testimony strictly to the subject of his employment. They then produced their evidence in relation to the accident and rested, whereupon counsel for the Edwards Company (a compulsory non-suit having meanwhile been entered as to the Harmony Company)1 asked, and was permitted, to call the driver "for further cross-examination". He then, over the strenuous objection of counsel for plaintiffs, questioned the driver at length as to the manner in which the accident happened.
The jury returned a verdict for defendant, which was a surprising result in view of the fact that plaintiffs were admittedly innocent victims, that they were free of any possible charge of contributory negligence, that the extent of their injuries was not challenged, that there was no competent evidence to indicate that Schack was in any way responsible for the accident, that defendant produced no testimony whatever on its own behalf, and that the operator of the bus, even under the persuasive "cross-examination" by defendant's counsel, was apparently unable or unwilling to assert with any degree of assurance that the rear end of the bus was not on the wrong side of the road when the collision occurred.2 Be *423 this as it may, there were errors in the trial which require a reversal of the judgment.
The first such error was the one already referred to, — the permission to defendant's counsel to cross-examine the operator of the bus as to the facts of the accident. It is elementary that, unless the witness is himself one of the litigants (Greenfield v. Philadelphia,
Another error, this time of a substantive rather than a procedural nature, occurred in the charge of the learned trial judge in reference to the possibility of negligence on the part of Schack being a causal factor in the happening of the accident. Several times the jury were told to consider whether or not there was such negligence, and, if so, whether it amounted to an intervening and proximate cause which superseded and legally nullified the negligence of the operator of the bus. There was, however, no competent evidence from which it could be found that Schack was negligent, the only testimony on the subject being that when the bus veered over in front of him on this two-lane highway the vehicles were not more than 50 feet apart and, as the bus continued toward him, he had practically neither time nor space in which to avoid the collision. The bus operator, in response to a leading question whether Schack "went by you so fast you didn't get a chance to see how fast he was going?" answered: "That's right," but such a statement is of no evidential value whatever,7 and the objection to it made by plaintiffs' counsel should have been sustained. Moreover, even if by any possible inference Schack, who, incidentally, was not brought in by defendant as an additional defendant, could be considered as having been negligent in the operation of his car, the result would only be to make him concurrently liable, jointly and severally, with defendant, no question of proximate cause being involved:Hughes v. Pittsburgh Transportation Co.,
Finally, the verdict should have been set aside as being against the weight of the evidence. As already stated, there is no element of contributory negligence in the case, the accident could not have happened except through some negligence, there is no evidence which would justify a finding that Schack was negligent, the clear and positive testimony that the bus passed over to the wrong side of the road was only waveringly disputed by defendant's operator, and defendant offered no testimony of its own as to the happening of the accident.
Judgment reversed and new trial granted.