This is a controversy over the title to a tract of land in Chariton county, Missouri. The land in question was owned by George W. Temple, who died and left a will which was admitted to probate in the probate court of Chariton county June 13, 1871, the second clause of said will being as follows:
“Second. I give and bequeath'to my daughter, A. M. Tisdale, free from the debts and ..liabilities which may now exist against her husband, R. H. Tisdаle, or which may be hereafter contracted by him, the following land situated in Chariton county, Missouri, to-wit: The east half of the southwest quarter of section thirty-five, township fifty-four, range nineteen, to hаve and to hold the same unto her and her heirs forever, with full power to sell and dispose of the same at any*406 time she may think best, the proceeds of sale to be invested, if she desires it, in оther property, to be conveyed to her and the heirs of her body.”
On February 8> 1884, R. H. Tisdale and his wife, the .said A. M. Tisdale, mortgaged this land to Robert H.. Hodge for $1,200. Afterwards, on December 2, 1889, Mrs. Tisdale and her husband borrоwed $1,410 of James Cuddy with which to pay off the Hodge mortgage, and executed to John C. Crawley, as trustee, their deed of trust on said land to secure their note to Cuddy for said sum. Default was made in the payment of the note, and Mr. Crawley, the trustee, foreclosed on February 3, 1900, the defendant, Marcellus A. Prather, becoming the purchaser of the land at the price of $2,275. On February 12, 1904, Marcеllus A. Prather and wife conveyed one-half of said tract to their son, J. O. Prather, the consideration being one dollar and love and affection.
The plaintiffs in this case are A. M. Tisdale and hеr eight children. The petition sets out the will of George W. Temple, and alleges that the maker of the will thereby devised the land in question to A. M. Tisdale and the heirs, of her body, and that she took and held possession thereof until May, 1904; that defendant, Marcellus A. Prather, is in wrongful possession under the Cuddy deed of trust and a foreclosure thereof by Mr. Crawley, the trustee; that the debt of $1,410 to Cuddy was the individual debt of Richard H. Tisdale, the husband of A. M. Tisdale, and that her signing of the deed of trust was gratuitous and without consideration, and that these facts were understood and well known to all the parties to said transaction at the time. The prayer is to set aside the Cuddy deed of trust and the trustee’s deed made thereunder by Mr. Crawley, and for possession. It is also alleged in the petition that the Cuddy note was assigned to Marcellus A. Prather before' the foreclosure, and that he acquired the
Defendant Marcellus A. Prather answered, admitting that he was in possession of the lаnd in question, and asserting that he was the absolute owner thereof. By agreement of parties, J. O. Prather was made a party defendant, and he adopted the answer of his co-defendаnt as his answer.
Plaintiffs offered to prove by Mrs. Tisdale that she received no part of the money evidenced by the Hodge note, but the court sustained defendants’ objection to her testifying on this point on the ground that Hodge was dead, and that she was incompetent as a witness to impeach the validity of a contract made between herself and husband and Hodge; to which action of the court in sustaining said objection plaintiffs excepted.
The court found the issues for defendants, and rendered judgment for defendants and against plaintiffs for costs, from which judgment, aftеr an unavailing motion for a new trial, plaintiffs appealed.
The vital question involved in this case relates to . the interest Mrs. A. M. Teasdale acquired under the-second clause of the will of her father, Gr. W. Temple, deceased.
Section 4650, Revised Statutes 1899', provides that “all courts and other concerned in the execution of last wills shall have due regard to the directiоns of the will, and the true intent and meaning of the testator, in all matters brought before them.”
In the construction of wills the cardinal rule is that the intention of the testator is to govern; and in determining the intent аnd meaning of the testator the court will consider the will as a whole, giving to each and every part of it due and proper consideration.
In Cornwell v. Orton, 126 Mo. l. c. 367, it is said: “There are also well-established rules of construction, in ascertaining whether the estate granted to the
Nor do the words “the proceeds of sale to be invested, if she desire it, in other property, to.be conveyed to her and the heirs of her body” militate against anything we have said, but simply left it discretionary with her to sell the land and invest the proceeds of sale in other property to be conveyed to her and the heirs of her body. This provision did not restrict or limit her power of disposal as owner of the fee, and, having exercised that power, her children have no interest whatever in the land.
In Roberts v. Crume,
If, as contended by plaintiffs, the will only vested a life estate in the land in controversy in Mrs. Tisdale, then we agree that the powеr given her to sell and dispose of the same did not enlarge the estate devised to an estate in fee. [Lewis v. Pitman,
In Evans v. Folks, supra, it is said: “Where there is a general devise, without any specification of the interest devised, and an absolute power of disposal is conferred by the will, the devisee takes the fee, and may dispose of the estate at his or her pleasure.” [Citing Green v. Sutton, supra, and Jackson v. Robins,
Plaintiffs also contend that the power to sell and 'dispose of given in the.will to Mrs. Tisdale did not give her the power to mortgage the land in question; "but as we hаve said, under the general devise by which she was given the land in fee, she had the power of -disposition, and the additional words, “with full power to sell and dispose of the same at any time she may think best,” in no way limited or restricted that power. An estate in fee having vested in Mrs. Tisdale by the -general clause in the will, it cannot be cut down to a less estate by subsequent or ambiguous words, inferential in their intent. So that, whether Mrs. Tisdale took the fee to the land under the general provision -of the will (as we think she did), or under that provision in connection with the added power of disposal, shе took it in fee, and had the right to dispose of the
Our conclusion is that the judgment should he affirmed. It is so ordered.