627 So. 2d 1160 | Ala. Crim. App. | 1993
Lead Opinion
The appellant, Lige J. Tillman, was convicted in the municipal court of the City of Enterprise for having an unsanitary swimming pool, in violation of § 11-5 of the municipal code of the City of Enterprise, Alabama, Code § 11-5. See §§ 11^47-130 and 131, Code of Alabama 1975. The appellant appealed to the Circuit Court of Coffee County for trial de novo. The jury found the appellant guilty as charged. The appellant was sentenced to 30 days in the county jail, which sentence was suspended, and was ordered to pay court costs.
The testimony at trial tends to establish the following. The Alabama Department of Public Health had received complaints that the appellant’s swimming pool was contaminated. An environmentalist employed by Coffee County was sent to the appellant’s home to investigate the complaints. On the first visit, the appellant’s wife gave the environmentalist permission to inspect the appellant’s swimming pool. On a subsequent occasion, the appellant denied the environmentalist access to the swimming pool to obtain a sample of the pool’s water. The environmentalist then had a police officer escort him to the appellant’s swimming pool, where the environmentalist obtained a sample of the water. The water was allegedly green and contained mosquito larvae. The water sample was placed in a vial.
On the day of the trial, the appellant, who was acting pro se, filed a motion with the
The trial court heard the appellant’s argument and instructed the appellant that in order to prevail on his motions he needed to present evidence to substantiate his claims. The appellant did not produce any evidence, and his motions were subsequently denied. During the trial, the City of Enterprise offered water sample into evidence. When the sample was offered, the appellant did not object and the water sample was admitted.
I
The appellant first argues that the trial court erred in admitting the water sample into evidence. We disagree. “The burden of showing that his individual Fourth Amendment rights were violated rests on the person who is seeking to suppress the evidence obtained in the search.” Ex parte Cochran, 500 So.2d 1179, 1183 (Ala.1985) (citing Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128, 99 S.Ct. 421, 58 L.Ed.2d 387 (1978). “Absent this showing, the trial court is not in error when it does not suppress evidence.” Id. At the hearing on the motion to exclude and later at trial, the appellant failed to produce evidence to show that his rights had been violated. Instead, the appellant argued that his rights had been violated without providing substantiating evidence. The trial court aptly explained that it had been presented with no evidence suggesting an unlawful search and seizure on which to grant the appellant’s pretrial motion to exclude the water sample from evidence.
The City argues that the appellant’s failure at trial to object when the water sample was offered into evidence resulted in the appellant’s failure to preserve this issue for our review. We disagree. A ruling on a pretrial motion to suppress is sufficient to preserve the issue for this Court’s review and it renders it unnecessary for the appellant to object again when the evidence is offered and admitted at trial. Ex parte Rowell, [Ms. 1911318, Dec. 11, 1992], 1992 WL 362059 (Ala.1992); Smith v. State, 612 So.2d 1314 (Ala.Crim.App.1992); and Taylor v. State, 337 So.2d 773 (Ala.Crim.App.1976).
The facts adduced at the trial concerning the taking of the water sample are conflicting. The City’s evidence tends to establish that once a police officer informed the appellant that there was a city ordinance permitting inspection of his pool, the appellant complied with the request to allow the environmentalist to take the water sample. Evidence presented by the defense through the testimony of the appellant’s daughter tended to show that the appellant objected to the sample of water being taken, but still permitted it. The appellant did not testify concerning any alleged objection he may have had to the sample’s being taken.
We have held that conflicting evidence presents a question of credibility for the trial court. Atwell v. State, 594 So.2d 202, 212 (Ala.Crim.App.1991), cert. denied, Inabinett v. State, 594 So.2d 214 (Ala.1991). In this case, the trial court ruled that the evidence was admissible after hearing the conflicting testimony presented during the trial. Although it did not specifically state that it found that the appellant had consented to the taking of the sample, the trial court admitted the water sample into evidence. The judgment of the trial court will not be reversed unless the trial court abused its discretion. Id. We hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in admitting the water sample into evidence.
II
The appellant next argues that the environmentalist committed fraud upon the appellant by representing to the appellant that he was employed by Dale County rather than Coffee County. The City’s evidence reflects that the environmentalist had recently transferred to Coffee County, where the appellant’s residence is located, from Dale County. As a result, the environmentalist’s business card, which he gave to the appellant, showed him as working for Dale County rather than Coffee County. We fail to see any harm or prejudice to the appellant as a
The judgment of the trial court is due to be, and is hereby, affirmed.
Affirmed.
Concurrence Opinion
concurring in result.
I disagree with the majority’s holding that the appellant had the burden of production and proof on the motion to suppress.
The authorities cited in support of that holding concern the burden of the accused to prove his standing to assert Fourth Amendment rights. It is clear that an accused has the burden of showing his standing to object to a search. Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128, 99 S.Ct. 421, 58 L.Ed.2d 387 (1978). However, it is equally clear that this appellant had standing to object to the search of his swimming pool, and the prosecution did not contend otherwise. See Cook v. State, 574 So.2d 905, 908 (Ala.Cr.App.1990) (State’s failure to question defendant’s standing to object to a Fourth Amendment violation waives issue of standing on appeal).
Before trial, the appellant moved to suppress the water sample taken from his swimming pool without a search warrant. The prosecution conceded that the City did not have a search warrant. When a defendant moves to suppress evidence derived from a warrantless search of his property, the State must “produce sufficient evidence in opposition to the motion to suppress to overcome the presumption of unreasonableness that attache[s] to the warrantless search of [the defendant’s] property.” Ex parte Hergott, 588 So.2d 911, 916 (Ala.1991).
Although I disagree with the majority’s reasoning concerning who bears the burden of proof on motion to suppress, I concur in the result because it appears from the record that at trial the prosecution offered evidence that the search was conducted with the appellant’s consent. See Henry v. State, 468 So.2d 896, 899 (Ala.Cr.App.1984), cert. denied, 468 So.2d 902 (Ala.1985) (if evidence adduced at trial is sufficient to uphold court’s ruling on motion to suppress, it is immaterial that insufficient evidence was adduced on motion to suppress). As the majority correctly observes, the evidence presented at trial was in conflict and presented a question of credibility for the factfinder.
