48 S.E. 824 | N.C. | 1904
Lead Opinion
This action was brought by the plaintiffs to compel the (538) specific performance by the defendants of a contract in the following words: "This contract, made this 27 October, 1902, by and between E. M. Land for himself and as agent for the other owners, of the first part, and L. F. Tillery, of the second part, shows that the party of the first part agrees to sell to the party of the second part the tract of land in Nash County, near the town of Rocky Mount, adjoining the lands of L. F. Tillery, J. R. Green and others, known as the `Taylor and Land tract,' containing about 577 acres, for which the party of the second part agrees to pay the sum of $6,500 or pro rata according to a new survey to be made at the expense of the first part; said purchase money to be paid one-half cash on the execution and delivery of complete title to the premises, and balance to be paid in three years from delivery of the deed, with 6 per cent interest from date of delivery." (Signed and sealed by E. M. Land, agent, and L. F. Tillery).
After the issues were submitted, it was agreed by the parties that the jury should be discharged and that his Honor should try the case both as to the facts and the law. His Honor found as follows: "1. That the contract referred to was executed by L. F. Tillery and E. M. Land, agent. 2. That at the time of the execution of the contract E. M. Land was authorized to contract to sell his own undivided interest in said land, which I find to be one-sixth of same. 3. That he had authority to contract to sell John H. Taylor's interest in the land, which is admitted to be one-tenth, at the rate of $6,500 for the whole tract, which was to be net to him, subject only to his pro rata part of the charge of executing and registering a conveyance, which by consent of parties is fixed at $20, making his part thereof $2, and that said Land had no authority to contract to sell the interests of the other defendants. 4. That at the time of the execution of the contract Land contracted as agent of Taylor (539) to sell the entire tract for $6,500, subject only to a charge against his share of the cost of executing and registering the conveyance, *392 and that for himself alone he (Land) contracted to have a new survey made of the land and to pay the cost thereof, and that the price should be determined by the result of the new survey, and should be in the same proportion, in respect to price named, as the quantity discovered by the new survey should bear to 577 acres. 5. That Tillery, on 28 October, 1902, assigned to his co-plaintiff, W. L. Groom, one-half of all the rights and interests vesting in him by virtue of the said contract of 27 October, 1902." Upon the foregoing findings the Court adjudged that John H. Taylor recover of the plaintiff, L. F. Tillery, $650 upon the execution by him, the said Taylor, of a deed conveying his interest in the land to the plaintiff, Tillery and Groom, in fee, and that if said Taylor refuse to receive said money and to execute said deed on or before the first day of September next, then the said plaintiffs may pay the said sum into the Clerk's office, and upon its payment therein the Clerk of this Court, who is hereby appointed a commissioner for that purpose, shall execute a deed to the plaintiffs conveying to them the said Taylor's one-tenth interest in the land, and shall have the same proved and registered, the expense of which shall be paid out of said fund. (The plaintiffs waived the time unelapsed for the payment of one-half of the price under the contract). It is further adjudged that Land is entitled to recover of the plaintiff, Tillery, $1,083.33, to be reduced if the new survey hereinafter ordered shall discover that the number of acres is less than 577, by the proportion of said difference, and if the new survey shall discover that there is a greater quantity than 577 acres this recovery shall be increased accordingly, and this shall apply to the share of said Taylor as well as his own — Land alone being responsible for this part of the contract. It is further adjudged that John C. Beall be appointed to survey the land and make three plots of the (540) survey, one to be filed with the Clerk, one to be delivered to the plaintiff, and one to the defendant Land, and that the surveyor make report to this Court — the survey to be made in the next sixty days. As to all the other defendants, except Land and Taylor, this action stands dismissed. And further, that the defendants Land and Taylor, as to the costs incurred up to the filing of this judgment and the enrolling of the same, pay the same in equal proportion; and upon the payment of the amount ascertained to be due Land, as provided above, after deducting any costs against him, he shall execute a deed to the plaintiffs conveying his share of the land to them in fee.
After his Honor had announced his finding of the facts the plaintiffs moved the Court for a decree of specific performance *393 against all the defendants, and upon that motion being overruled they then asked for a decree against E. M. Land, Edward Perry and wife, and E. M. Land, guardian of Annie Land, and John H. Taylor. That motion was refused except as to E. M. Land and John H. Taylor. The plaintiffs and the defendants, Land and Taylor, excepted to the judgment and appealed.
At the time of the contract two of the defendants, Annie Land and James Taylor, were infants, and Lucy Perry was a married woman, and there was no evidence that either one of the defendants, except Taylor, ever authorized the defendant Land to contract to sell his or her interest in the land described in the contract. His Honor therefore properly refused to have a decree entered against the infants or Mrs. Perry, or against either one of the adult defendants who had not authorized the defendant Land to contract to sell their interests in the land. However, in the oral argument here, as well as in the brief of the plaintiffs, it was contended that upon the face of the contract, as a matter of legal construction, Land had obligated himself personally to see to it that a proper deed should be executed by himself and the defendants for the entire (541) interest and estate in the land, and that therefore specific performance should be decreed against him, he not having shown on the trial that he could not procure the other defendants to join him in such conveyance. It will be seen, though, that the defendant Land not only did not claim the whole of the property, but distinctly declared that there were others who owned interests in the land, and that he was acting for them as their agent and signed the contract as their agent. So this is not a contract such as where one had made an agreement to convey land generally without disclosing the ownership and where the Court might grant a decreein personam against the vendor for specific performance, although he did not own the land at the time of the contract. The plaintiffs here knew that Land had only a fractional interest in the property and that he was acting as agent for the other owners; and therefore as a matter of law the plaintiffs could not have specific performance against Land for the interests of his principals. The plaintiffs could only have specific performance against such of the defendants as authorized the defendant Land to contract for them, and as we have seen there was no evidence tending to show that either one of them, except Taylor, gave him such authority. If the infant defendants and Mrs. Perry had authorized the defendant Land to convey their interests in the property, specific performance could not be enforced as to them. The contracts of infants to sell their real estate may be ratified after they become of *394 full age, and the courts might, and would in proper cases, compel them to specifically perform their contracts. But as long as they remain infants they could not be made to execute such contracts. As to married women, there is but one way in which their real estate or any interest therein can be conveyed under an executory contract to convey the same, and (542) that is under the provisions and authority of section 1256 of The Code.
No Error.
DEFENDANT E. M. LAND'S APPEAL.
It was argued here that the contract was an indivisible one and had reference to the tract of land as a whole and not to the separate share of either one of the tenants in common, and therefore that no decree could be entered ordering specific performance as to the separate share of Taylor. There is nothing in the case going to show that it was the purpose or desire on the part of the defendant, Taylor, or Land, that the tract of land should be sold as a whole. In fact, Taylor's letter to his agent (Land) showed that he was only concerned in the sale of his interest and that of his brothers and sisters. While the plaintiffs in the case would not be compelled to take a part of the land if they could not get title to the whole, they could nevertheless compel either party to the contract to convey his interest in the premises. In Fry on Specific Performances, at section 1222, it is said: "Although as a general rule where the vendor has not substantially the whole interest he has contracted to sell, he, as we have seen, cannot enforce the contract against the purchaser, yet the purchaser can insist on having all that the vendor can convey, with a compensation for the difference." The same principle has been decided in our own Court in Swepson v. Johnston,
There was no error in any of the rulings of his Honor, and the judgment is
Affirmed.
DOUGLAS, J., dissents from the above opinion in Land's appeal.
TAYLOR'S APPEAL.
Addendum
The facts as gathered from the record are: The land in controversy, containing about 577 acres, belonged to E. M. Land, Lucy Perry and Annie Land, the last named an infant, all residing in this State, owning one-sixth each; and John H. Taylor, W. D. Taylor, James J. *395 Taylor and Margaret and Mary Taylor, the last named an infant without general guardian, residing in the State of Florida, owning one-tenth each. The land is situate near the town of Rocky Mount. The plaintiff, Tillery, residing in the said town, began some time in September, 1902, a correspondence with E. M. Land, residing at Kinston, N.C. in regard to purchasing the land. Thereupon, E. M. Land wrote John H. Taylor in regard to Tillery's offer. On 7 September Taylor writes: "We will sell the interest we have in the Rocky Mount farm But am not especially anxious to do so, as I consider it a good investment. Ask. Mr. Tillery to make us an offer for it and we will consider it." Land, two days thereafter, writes Tillery, quoting Taylor's letter and saying that he can make an offer through him. On the 17th Tillery writes Land, saying that he could handle the land at six or seven dollars per acre, asking him to write Taylor. Land does so, suggesting a sale of "the whole tract" at $6,000 — saying, however, that he had not advised with his sisters, as "I thought he only wanted half interest." On the 18th Taylor writes, "I think we would sell our interest, provided we could get $6,000 — that is, $3,000 for our interest"; adding a postscript, "I think it would simplify the matter if you all would join us and dispose of your interest at the same time, then one deed could be made to cover all." On 9 October Tillery writes Land, making a proposition to pay ten dollars per acre, provided they would include about two acres of the land. On the 10th Land writes Taylor that he has offered Tillery the farm for $6,500, enclosing Tillery's reply. He says: "I have written him that we would have the farm surveyed (544) if he accepts this offer of $6,500, but could not include the two acres. * * * If you do not approve entirely of this offer of $6,500 please wire me at once on receipt of this letter." On 15 October Taylor writes Land, acknowledging receipt of letter and saying, "I do not think that there is any necessity of having the farm surveyed," giving as his reason that it had been recently surveyed and a plot should be among the papers, and saying, "We are willing to take $3,250 for our share, and if there is any expense of making transfer of title, of course we will pay our share." October 27 the plaintiff and defendant E. M. Land signed the contract set out in the opinion of the Court. On the 28th Land wrote Taylor, notifying him of the execution of the contract and saying: "I hope this will meet the approbation of all of you concerned. This is substantially the offer I wrote you that I had made Mr. T. If there is any cause of complaint I wish you would advise me at once and I will try to adjust the same. I've made a contract with Mr. T., *396 yet I might induce him to surrender same if your heirs are not satisfied." He concludes by asking Taylor to wire at his expense concerning the trade. The record shows that on 3 November Taylor wires Land, "Do not act for us until you hear further." The record in regard to the date of this telegram is evidently wrong, because on 2 November Taylor writes Land: "I wired you this A. M. not to act for us until you hear further from us. I do not want to be hasty in selling our interest in the farm until I learn its value. We might regret it at our leisure. We have suffered too many privations to pay the interest on the debt ever to throw it away. I will write you later on." Land, on 10 November, writes Taylor that he was trying to get Tillery to cancel the contract, and regretting that he had not submitted the final proposition to him for final decision. Taylor on the next day writes (545) Land, saying: "We are sorry that you made any contract to sell the farm when you were not authorized to act or sign anything for us." It was admitted that Land had no other authority from Taylor than is contained in the correspondence. The only oral testimony heard by his Honor was that of Mr. Thomas H. Battle, who said he saw the contract of 27 October, 1902; that Land said to Mr. Tillery that he had received a letter from John H. Taylor (or one of the Taylors, he had forgotten which), and that he was authorized by Taylor to sell the land for $6,500, but was not authorized to make any survey at their cost or to make any abatement of the price if the survey should show that there were less than 577 acres, but that he (Land) would include in the contract the provisions as to those matters and in some way arrange that; that he was not authorized by John H. Taylor to make any agreement that would charge against him or the Taylor heirs any expense for those provisions, but that the land had been so recently surveyed that he was not afraid to run the risk.
His Honor refused a decree against any of the Taylor heirs except John H. Taylor, and as to him directed a conveyance of his one-tenth interest. He made the same decree against Land, with the additional provision that a survey be made and the amount due Land be reduced if it be discovered by the survey that the number of acres is less than 577, by the proportion of said difference, and if said survey shall discover that there is a greater number of acres the amount to be paid be increased accordingly. The last provision is made to apply to defendant Taylor. A survey is ordered, etc.
There are certain well-settled principles by which courts of equity are governed in suits for specific performance which *397
must be kept constantly in view. In discussing the appeal we wish to say that we are entirely satisfied there was no misrepresentation or suppression of facts, or purpose to mislead in the negotiations which led up to, or in the execution of the contract of 27 October, 1902. We are sure that all of (546) the parties were acting in perfect good faith and with full knowledge of the status of the title. We shall therefore omit in citing authorities any reference to such well-known grounds for refusing specific performance as fraud, misrepresentation, concealment, etc. The other equally well-known requirement, which is not to be found in this case, is that there shall be a contract the terms of which are clear, plain and well understood by and between the parties. It is apparent from the language used by defendant Taylor that he never contemplated a sale of his undivided interest in the land. Assuming, for the purpose of the argument, that he authorized the defendant Land to execute a contract for the sale of any interest, it is to my mind clear that representing his brothers and sisters and speaking for himself, it was his and their interest which he was willing to sell and not his alone. The language used shows this — "We are willing to sell the interest we have." "I think we would sell our interest in the place." "We are willing to take $3,250 for our share." There is no intimation of a purpose to sell otherwise than the entire interest of the Taylor children. It is conceded that when one representing himself to be the owner of the entire estate and title contracts to sell the land, he may, at the option of the vendee, be compelled to convey such interest as he has, with reduction of price. The principle is thus stated by Mr. Pomeroy: "When the vendor's title proves to be defective in some particular, or his estate is different from that which he agreed to convey, * * * it is plain that the contract cannot be specifically performed according to its exact terms at the suit of either party. In such case the Court will decree a conveyance of the vendor's actual interest and allow to the vendee a pecuniary compensation or abatement from the price," etc. Pomeroy Specific Per., sec. 434. It is conceded that this case does not fall within that class. Taylor has never, at any time, or in any manner, proposed (547) or suggested that he would sell the interest of his brothers and sisters. He at all times says, "We will sell our interest." Mr. Tillery does not in his complaint or in any testimony, suggest that he was contracting for John H. Taylor's interest. The entire correspondence negatives such a suggestion. It is the land which he wishes to buy — knowing perfectly well the condition of the title. It is true that the Court will not *398
permit the right to have specific performance evaded or denied by a mere technical or immaterial objection. It will rather look to the real, substantial terms of the contract and decree its performance with such variations as will effectuate the intention of the parties. In this case the difference between the contract as made and as enforced is material. There has not been the aggregatio mentium which is essential to the completion of an enforcible contract. It is difficult to cite cases directly in point, because in suits for specific performance the peculiar features of each case vary so much. In Jackson v. Torrence,
Error.
CLARK, C. J., and MONTGOMERY, J., dissent.