73 Minn. 108 | Minn. | 1898
On January 1,1888, several persons by the name of Dean were the owners of the land here in question, and on that day made a written lease of the same to this defendant. By the terms of the lease the land is leased to defendant for five years from that date at the rent of $800 per annum. It is further provided that if he
“Shall desire to continue this lease after the expiration of said term for another term of five years, he shall have the right and privilege so to do in the manner and upon the conditions following, that is to say: he shall, not less than three months before the expiration of said first term, give to [the Deans or their assigns] notice in writing of his or their desire and election to continue this lease for such additional term of five years, and in such notice shall name and appoint a disinterested person í:' * * as an appraiser on his part, and thereupon [the Deans or their assigns] shall, within one week thereafter, appoint a like person as appraiser on their part, and notify the other party in writing of such appointment, and thereupon the two appraisers so appointed shall have authority to appoint a third appraiser. * * The three appraisers so chosen shall appraise the said leased premises at its then fair market valuation, * * and without any further act this lease shall be thereupon extended for a further term of five years upon the same terms and conditions in all things as before, except that the annual rent for such second term shall be such sum as is equal to five per centum of such appraised valuation.”
It further provides that subsequent extensions for five-year periods may be had in the same manner “until the full end of 60 years after date of this lease.” It was further agreed between the parties that on or before May 1, 1889, defendant should erect upon the premises “a good and substantial three-story building.”
He went into possession, and erected such building, which it is admitted is of the value of $8,500. At the end of the first five-year
This action in forcible entry and detainer was thereafter brought in the municipal court of Minneapolis under the claim that the lease expired January 1,1898.
Defendant, in his answer, alleged that said deed to plaintiff was intended as a mortgage to secure the payment of the sum of $18,000 owing by the Deans to plaintiff at the time the deed was executed, and at the same time the Deans and plaintiff signed and executed a written defeasance, which recited that the deed was given for that purpose. We will call this the first defense.
It is further alleged in the answer that on July 3,1897, defendant stated to plaintiff that he (defendant) would want to renew the lease for another period of five years, and that there would have to be a new appraisement, and plaintiff answered
“That that was all'right; that he [defendant] could have it, and that there would be no trouble about it; and that this defendant could have it appraised at any time that suited him.”
Defendant claims that he relied on this in neglecting to give, three months before the end of the second five-year term, the written notice provided for in the lease. It is further alleged that on October 6,1897, when it was six days too late to give such notice,
“Defendant again spoke to him [plaintiff] about renewing the lease,” and the latter replied “that this defendant had not given him the written notice for renewal and new appraisement as mentioned in said lease.”
That thereupon on July 7, 1897, defendant gave written notice of his election to continue the lease for another five-year term to plaintiff; that the latter failed to appoint any appraiser, and defendant, pursuant to other provisions of the lease, applied on notice to a judge of the district for the appointment of two other appraisers;
At the close of the trial the court ordered a verdict for plaintiff, and from the judgment entered thereon defendant appeals.
1. On the trial, defendant introduced some evidence tending to prove said first defense. The court rejected other evidence, which also tended to prove it. This is error. If plaintiff is merely a mortgagee, he cannot recover. He contends that the order made by the Deans directing defendant to pay the rent to plaintiff had the effect of putting him in possession. Conceding, without deciding, that this is so, his possession and right to possession terminated when the lease terminated; and, conceding that defendant was, during the time covered by such order, the tenant of plaintiff, still it is well settled that a tenant is not estopped to show that his ■ landlord’s title or right to possession has terminated since the making of the lease.
There is nothing in the claim that defendant is estopped because he recognized plaintiff as his landlord in giving the notice of renewal, in demanding that plaintiff appoint an appraiser, and in tendering to plaintiff the rent under the new appraisement. The Deans, having misled defendant, may be estopped from questioning his right to treat with plaintiff, but it does not follow that defendant is estopped from asserting the truth after he has discovered it.
For these errors the judgment must be reversed, and a new trial granted.
2. Defendant offered on the trial to prove the facts alleged in said second defense, and the rulings of the court in rejecting the evidence are assigned as error. In our opinion, the court ruled cor
The lease here in quéstion provides that if defendant “shall desire to continue this lease” for another five-year term, he may do so on complying with certain provisions. 'It may be conceded that-compliance with these provisions could, by a verbal agreement, be waived by the parties if the lease specified all the terms of the leasing which were to be in force during such additional term. But this lease does not specify all of such terms. It does not specify the amount of rent that shall be paid during such additional term. The additional term is longer than one year; and if the parties had, by a verbal agreement, waived compliance with all of said provisions, and fixed the amount of rent for such additional term, by reason of the statute of frauds the verbal agreement fixing the amount of rent could not be proved except for the purpose of specific performance. The same principle applies in the present case. Some of the terms of the leasing for the new five-year period are specified in the lease and some are not; the amount of rent .to
The judgment is reversed, and a new trial granted.