53 So. 256 | Ala. | 1910
The offense charged is gaming; the scene is defendant’s bedroom, in his father’s residence; the time is a Saturday night; the game is “craps”; the stake is money; the limit a quarter. Present and participating, the defendant, the two Pattersons (the state’s witnesses), and eleven others. The gaming was proved beyond doubt and without dispute; in fact, was confessed on the witness stand by the defendant, except as to the “public place.” As to this necessary constitutent of the offense, the defense claimed that the state entirely failed to prove it; indeed, it is contended
What was said by this court in Russ’s Case, 132 Ala. 20, 31 South. 550, as to a pasture being made a public place, is in part applicable to this case. It was there said: “For the meeting of persons in an abstractly private place of the character of place involved here for the purpose of gaming, to convert such a place into a public.place for the occasion, the meeting must be attended in such numbers and by such circumstances of publicity as imply a right and privilege, and opportunity, on the part of the people generally in the vicinity to attend. For other and prior meetings at an otherwise private place such as this to have the effect of converting it into a public place in respect of a game of cards subsequently played there, such other and pri- or meetings must have been of such character and so repeated and continued up to near the time of the subsequent playing counted on as to stamp the place with such attributes of publicity as involves the idea that people of the vicinage may and are likely to go there at will — the idea of a meeting place for the neighborhood.”
Likewise what was said by this court, speaking through the same learned Chief Justice (McClellan), in Cartiledge’s Case, 132 Ala. 17, 31 South. 553, is even more applicable, in that the place of the gaming in that case was the same as in this case — a private bedroom. This court said: “The evidence for the state tended to show that the defendant played at a game of cards in the bedroom of one Wilson on Commerce street in the city of Montgomery, and that an indefinite number of persons, and different persons at different times, had used this room every week or two throughout the preceding year for the purpose of gaming, and they
It has also been held by this court (Coleman’s Case, 20 Ala. 52), speaking in reference to same statute and same subject, that a bedroom is prima facie a private place; that it may he made public within the meaning of the act, but the presence of eight or ten persons there by invitation, the doors not being locked, does not convert the bedroom into a public place, when such persons are there by invitation and the public have no right to be there; that, in order to determine the question as to whether or not the bedroom is a public place, we must look to the character of the place, the manner of ingress to it, as well as the number of persons who assemble there. The court concludes by saying that a private house or bedroom, at which a dozen or more persons assemble by invitation, does not lose its character of privacy and thereby become a public place.
In Nichols’ Case, 111 Ala. 60, 20 South. 564, quoting from Smith’s Case, 52 Ala. 384, it was said: “ ‘Any
In line with what is said in the cases above referred to, it was competent for the state to prove the character and location of the dwelling and of the room in which the playing took place, with regard to the access which the public may have had to the dwelling and to the room; and for this purpose we do not think that the trial court erred in allowing the state to prove how far the room in question was located from the store of Ernest Hubbard, nor do we think the fact that such store had become notorious as a place for the violation of other laws would render such evidence inadmissible. The court limited such evidence to the question of simply locating the room in question. It was likewise competent for the state to prove the fact of other parties going to the house and to the room, the frequency of such occurrences, the number of persons on such occasions, and the time of day or night in which the visits were made; such visits being limited, as-they were by the trial court, to the time shortly preceding
It is true, as contended by defendant’s counsel, that the mere fact that on Saturdays and Sundays many people visited the room of the defendant and the house of his father did not of itself convert the room or the house from a private to a public place. But this evidence was admissible, in connection Avith other evidence that numerous parties, shortly before the time of this offense, had visited the house Avithout invitation, and AA-ithout any special relation or connection being shown betAveen the visitors and the inmates or inhabitants of the house; and especially so in connection Avith the defendant’s own evidence that a number of persons Avere engaged in gaming in his room, on the occasion in question, when he returned home, and that they were without invitation from him, and, so far as the record shows, from any other person professing to have the right to invite them.
Likewise there was no error in the court’s allowing the state’s Avitness to testify as to the place from Avhich they went to the room of the defendant, nor that they went from Hubbard’s store to this room, nor from the room to Hubbard’s store. Nor did the fact that Hubbard’s store was a public place, and its being known as a place in which the prohibition laAvs were being violated, render such evidence inadmissible. It was competent to show that there were crowds of people passing
It is true, as contended by the defense, that there was no direct or positive proof of any other games being-played in this room than the one in question; but we cannot say that there was no evidence from which the jury might infer that the room had been and was then used as a place of resort for gaming, and that it was thus converted from a private to a public place within the meaning of the statute. We cannot agree with counsel for the defense that there was no evidence tending to show that the public had a right to go to this house or room in question. There was evidence showing that great numbers of people did frequent the house shortly before the time in question. It also appeared from the defendant’s own testimony that he found quite a number engaged in a game when he returned, and it was not shown that they were there by his invitation, or by that of anyone else professing to have authority. There is evidence tending to show that the public went and came at pleasure.
We see no error in that part of the oral charge to which exceptions are reserved, in which the court states: “Was the defendant’s room open to the public, or to any person that desired to go in and participate in the game? What do yon say about it? I can’t tell you.”
Charge 2 was properly refused, for that the trial court is under no duty to charge the jury that there is no evidence of a given fact in the case.
Charge 8. was properly refused, because it was calculated to mislead the jury, in that it requested a verdict for the defendant if the evidence failed to show any ether gaming in said room. The jury might infer from this that it was necessary to show some other kind of gaming than that of “craps,” in order to show it to be a public place.; that being, the game the defendant was
The court, at the request of the defendant, gave a great number of written charges, as to the necessity and character and sufficiency of proof to show that defendant’s bedroom had been converted from a private to a public place within the meaning of the statute; some of them being probably too favorable to the defendant. This was the only disputed issue in the case; the defendant having admitted on the stand all the other necessary elements and constitutents of the offense charged. Among those charges were the following: “The court charges the jury that the burden is on the state to show to the jury from the evidence, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the public generally resorted to the bedchamber of Beecher Thrasher from time to- time for the purpose of gaming, before the jury would be authorized to find the defendant guilty. The court charges the jury that the private bedroom of the defendant is not a public place per se, and unless the public or people in such number frequented said room for the purpose of gaming as to make it a public place, I charge you, you cannot find the defendant guilty, even though you are satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant played and bet at a game of cards or dice. (2) The jury can consider nothing against the defendant except that which clearly appears in the evidence. (3) Before the jury would be authorized in returning a verdict of guilty in this case, the state must show by the evidence, beyond all reasonable doubt and to a moral certainty, every material averment in the indictment. (4) The court charges the jury that there is no dispute , in the evidence in this case that the alleged gaming took place in the defendant’s bedroom in a private house, and the state must show by the evidence
The defendant requested a number of charges which were refused; but it is unnecessary for us to decide whether they were correct or not (though they have been examined, and we find no error in their refusal), for the reason that the court, in the oral instruction, had repeatedly charged the law correctly upon the only disputed question involved, and had so repeatedly charged the law in the language requested by the defendant in his written charges upon this same proposition. The defendant had no right to have the court further repeat or give other charges stating practically the same identical question. Trial courts are not required to give the same charge or charges two or more times. Parties are entitled to have proper charges given once, but not more than once.
It affirmatively appears that no injustice was done the defendant, unless it was done by the jury. We find .no error in the record, and the judgment must be affirmed.
Affirmed.