46 Barb. 287 | N.Y. Sup. Ct. | 1866
This action was originally brought in a justice’s court, to recover a penalty against the defendant for supplying to a cheese manufactory skimmed milk and milk diluted with water, to be manufactured into cheese. In that court a judgment for more than fifty dollars was obtained. An appeal was taken to the county court, and upon' the trial of the action in that court, the plaintiffs were nonsuited, on the ground that they were not the proper parties to bring the action,
It was shown that the plaintiff Thompson was the owner of a cheese factory in the town of Otselic, Chenango county • that from the 1st of June to the 11th of July, 1864, the other plaintiffs and the defendant brought milk to his factory to be manufactured into cheese, and that he, also, during the same time, supplied milk at the factory for the same purpose; that . the arrangement between the parties was, and such was the practice, that every man’s milk should be weighed from day to day, morning and evening, as it was delivered at the factory, and then run into receiving vats, prepared for all the milk received from all the customers, from which it.was manufactured into cheese; that when the cheese was sold, the money wg,s to be divided according to the weight of the milk, deducting one cent per pound, which went to Thompson for manufacturing, and the cost of the findings' (rennet, annato, &c.) which Thompson furnished, chargeable to each may’s quantity.
If the defendant was guilty of watering or skimming his milk before he took it to the factory, it is manifest that the plaintiffs, and they only, were the persons thereby defrauded, and the penalty which the defendant thereby forfeited is, by the terms of the act, “ to be sued for in any court of competent jurisdiction, for the benefit of the person or persons, &c.
On the subject of actions for penalties and forfeitures, il was provided by the Eevised Statutes, that “ when a pecuniary penalty or forfeiture is specially granted by law to any person injui-ed or aggrieved by any act or omission of another, the same may be sued for in an action of debt, or in an action of assumpsit,” (2 R. S. 480, § 1, 1st ed.) that is, sxied for by the person to whom the penalty is granted. Such is the meaning of the section, as shown by the whole scope of the article in which it is found—by the universal understanding and practice of the profession—by the well established forms of pleading—and by the virtual concession of the courts. It is not necessary, then, that the act granting a pecuniary penalty or forfeiture in such cases should, in terms, provide in whose name the action for its recovery should be brought. Where it is given to'a'party injured or aggrieved by the act or omission of another, as in the case at bar, such party, in the absence of any provision to the contrary, may bring the action for its recovery in his own name. (2 Wait’s Law & Pr. 284; and see 4 Denio, 374; 2 Comst. 182.)
The case of Seward v. Beach, (29 Barb. 239,) relied upon by the respondent, is not in conflict with the view above taken. That was an action by a common informer, upon a statute granting a penalty, not to a person injured or ag
The fact that Thompson’s contracts with the defendant, and each of the other plaintiffs, were separate, does not alter the case. The statute gives the penalty to the persons defrauded. It is of no consequence what other relations, or whether any, exist between them. If the act complained of is a fraud upon them, and thereby they are injured or aggrieved, that makes them jointly interested in the penalty, and entities them to unite in bringing the action. In what proportions they are interested is not for the defendant to inquire, and is not necessary now to determine. I am of the opinion that the order of the county court denying a new trial should be reversed, and a new trial granted, with costs to abide the event.
Hew trial granted.
Parker, Mason, Palcom and Hoard-man, Justices.]