| Conn. | Mar 5, 1909
The defendant complains of the action of the court in permitting the substitute complaint to be filed. The contention is that the plaintiffs were thus allowed to substitute for the original cause of action another and different one, and one which could not have been joined with the original. The original plaintiffs were the heirs at law of George T. Smith, deceased, his widow and his administrator. They were seeking to obtain possession of certain real estate, which, as they claim, Smith owned at his death, and then passed to them as his personal representatives. *704
They asserted no right which did not thus come to them. In their attempt to enforce that right they alleged ownership in the widow and heirs, and, the estate being still in settlement, as was averred, the right of possession in the administrator. The present plaintiffs are the same persons, save that the administrator has disappeared. They are seeking to enforce, as to the same land, the same right of possession, derived in the same way, by virtue of the title cast upon them by the death of Smith. The substituted complaint differs from the original only in that it proceeds upon the theory that the right of possession was, at the time of the claimed dispossession, and is, in the widow and heirs at law, the present plaintiffs, and not in the administrator, and so alleges. The opinion in Dunnett v. Thornton,
There was no error in admitting in evidence the lease of March 1st, 1901. It was not offered or received as establishing title in the plaintiffs, but as creating an estoppel, which would be equally as effective as against the defendant. Camp v. Camp,
The defendant offered in evidence a written notice signed by him and addressed to the plaintiffs, bearing date April 20th, 1907, and claimed to have been served upon each of the plaintiffs by copy on April 26th, 1907. This paper purported to notify the plaintiffs that the defendant surrendered to them "all right, title or possession that he ever received, if any, to the premises" in question. It also notified the plaintiffs that the defendant disclaimed ever having entered into the possession of the premises under the lease of March, 1904, or a prior one, that he disclaimed and denied that he ever by virtue of said pretended leases or either of them, occupied the premises, that he now disclaimed any and all right to the possession or occupancy of them by virtue of said instruments, and that he solemnly renounced and disclaimed any tenancy under them. The purpose of this notice was to relieve the defendant from the operation of the estoppel created by the leases, and put him in a position to question the plaintiffs' title. It was ineffective to that end. Counsel have called it a surrender. But there was no surrender of possession, and it was incumbent upon the defendant to surrender that before he could call in question the plaintiffs' title. Camp v. Camp,
If the notice be regarded as a disclaimer, the defendant is placed in no better position. The cases which give the greatest efficacy to disclaimers hold that they do not afford the lessee the right of thereafter asserting a title adverse to the lessor until the statutory period for the perfection of title by adverse possession shall have expired. Willison v. Watkins, 3 Pet. (U.S.) 43; Peyton v. Stith, 5 id. 485, 491; Bigelow on Estoppel, (2d Ed.) § 373. See Hanford v. Fitch,
The defendant offered evidence to show that Smith, from whom the plaintiffs received their title, never had any, never occupied the premises, and never claimed to own them. This evidence was rightly excluded as being in derogation of the estoppel. Other evidence was presented for the purpose of showing that a prior three-year lease terminating March 1st, 1898, was procured from the defendant by these plaintiffs by means of false representations and deceit. It is an established principle that where the acceptance of a lease is induced by the fraud or false representations of the lessor, there is no estoppel. Washb. on Rl. Prop. (6th Ed.) § 756; Bigelow on Estoppel (2d Ed.) 364. The defendant offered no evidence that the lease of March, 1901, was not freely and voluntarily taken. That is the lease under which the present estoppel arises, and the facts which may have surrounded a prior transaction of a similar character are immaterial. They are none the less so, and the giving and acceptance of the last lease no less an independent transaction, *707
for the reason that the former lease gave the lessee an option for a renewal. Platt v. Cutler,
Other rulings upon the admission of testimony do not call for discussion, beyond the observation that all that two parties say at a single interview upon whatever subject is not rendered admissible for the simple reason that what is said upon some one or more subjects is testified to. 3 Wigm. on Ev. §§ 2115, 2119.
There is no error.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.