Lead Opinion
The appellant, veteran Thomas G. Joyce, through counsel, seeks review of a September 25, 2002, Board of Veterans’ Appeals (Board or BVA) decision that, inter alia, concluded that November 1955, April 1960, and February 1963 Veterans’ Administration (now Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)) regional office (RO) decisions, each of which had denied an award of VA service connection for a duodenal ulcer, did not contain clear and unmistakable error (CUE). Record (R.) at 1-21. The parties each filed briefs, and the appellant filed a reply brief. Thereafter, the Court ordered additional briefing from the parties, both parties filed responses, and the Court then heard oral argument in the case. The Court notes that counsel for the appellant stated at oral argument that, on appeal, the appellant was withdrawing his arguments, as set forth in his brief (Appellant’s (App.) Brief (Br.) at 6-12), that the April 1960 and February 1963 RO decisions were .the product of CUE; therefore, the Court will not address those arguments, nor will the Court include the Board’s analysis of those claims in this decision’s factual-background discussion or address the parties’ arguments with regard to those claims in this decision’s discussion of the parties’ contentions on appeal. For the reasons set forth below, the Court will affirm in part, reverse in part, and vacate in part the September 2002 BVA decision and remand the matter for further adjudication.
I. Relevant Background
Veteran Thomas G. Joyce served honorably on active duty in the U.S. Army from December 7, 1953, until April 30, 1954, during the Korean Conflict. R. at 28. During his pre-enlistment medical examination, he was found to be without conditions that would disqualify him for service. R. at 30-31. At that time, his physical profile was recorded on the examination report, in box “P”, which then referred to “[pjhysical capacity or stamina”, as a level “1”, which then signified that the examinee is “[ajble to perform maximum sustained effort over extremely long periods”, Paragraph (Para.) 12, Army Regulation (AR) 40-115 (1948) (superseded by AR 40-503 (May 9, 1956)). R. at 31. On February 16, 1954, an examination of his upper-gas-tro-intestinal tract was conducted; at that time, it was found that he had “a pronounced cloverleaf deformity of the duode
On April 13, 1954, a re-examination of his upper-gastro-intestinal tract was conducted; that examination report noted that his “duodenal deformity ... has shown no essential change since the previous examination of ... February 19]54” and that, although “[t]here was no demonstrable ulcer niche at th[at] time, the previously reported pseudo[ ]diverticu-lum remained].” R. at 51. (“Pseudodi-verticulum”, also referred to as “false diverticulum”, is defined as “an intestinal diverticulum due to the protrusion of the mucous membrane through-a tear in the muscular coat.” “Diverticulum” is defined as “a circumscribed pouch or sac of variable size occurring normally or created by herniation of the lining mucous membrane through a defect in the muscular coat of a tubular organ.” DOR-LAND’S ILLUSTRATED MEDICAL DICTIONARY 1204 (28th ed.1994).) An April 1954 Army Medical Board (Medical Board) report (1) recorded a diagnosis of “ulcer duodenal ... not obstructed[,] EPTE [ (existed prior to entrance into service) ], not service aggravated”; (2) listed the veteran’s physical disqualification as existing prior to entry of the current period of military service; (3) noted that the physical disqualification “ha[d] not been aggravated by reason of that military service” and that it “was not incurred during or aggravated by any prior period of military service”; and (4) included a recommendation for separation from service. R. at 65. In the examination summary attached to its report, the Medical Board found that the veteran was “poorly motivated for the service and had marked increase in symptoms after being drafted.” R. at 66.
On April 30, 1954, the veteran was separated from active duty (R. at 28); his discharge examination report stated that he had an “[u]lcer, duodenal ... not obstructed” and had been “[h]ospitalized at [the] U.S. Army Station Hospital, Fort Riley, Kansas, from 22 March 1954 to 21 April 1954.” R. 33-34. His physical profile was recorded on that report, in box “P”, as a level “4”, which then indicated that the individual has one or more medical conditions or physical defects of such severity that his/her physical capacity is “[b]elow [the] minimum standards for induction”, Para. 12, AR 40-115. R. at 34. On November 3, 1955, he filed with a VARO an application for disability compensation (C & P application) for “ulcers-1953 aggravated”. R. at 76-79. On November 30, 1955, the RO denied service connection for the veteran’s duodenal ulcer on the ground that it “was not service incurred or aggravated.” Supplemental (Suppl.) R. at 1-2. In that decision, the RO relied on the fact that “[t]he records reveal that the veteran gives the history of having stomach trouble 4 or 5 years prior to his induction and in May 1953 he was found to have [an] ulcer.” Suppl. R. at 2.
In February 1993, the veteran attempted to reopen his previously and finally disallowed service-connection claim. R at 136. In a February 1997 hearing-officer
[T]he Board did not adequately discuss whether the presumption of aggravation applied and if so, how it was rebutted .... The Board’s determination with regard to whether evidence of record at the time of the 1955 decision showed aggravation simply pointed to the service department’s finding that the condition was not aggravated. The Board’s reasons and bases with regard to aggravation were deficient.
R. at 735 (citation omitted). In a single-judge order dated March 2001, the Court vacated the July 1998 BVA decision and ordered the Board to readjudicate the veteran’s CUE claim “in accordance with the parties’ pleadings, which will be made part of the [veteran’s] claims file on remand.” R. at 688-89. In the September 25, 2002, BVA decision here on appeal, the Board again, inter alia, concluded that the 1955 RO decision denying service connection for the veteran’s duodenal ulcer did not contain CUE. R. at 9-19. In reaching that conclusion, the Board first noted that the evidence before the RO in 1955 consisted of (1) the veteran’s service medical records (SMRs) (R. at 30-31, 33-75), (2) the Medical Board report (R. at 57-58, 63-66), (3) the veteran’s 1955 C & P application (R. at 76-79), and (4) the veteran’s Form DD 214 (R. at 28), and then reasoned:
[I]t was the physicians themselves who determined that the veteran’s proper diagnosis was of a duodenal ulcer and that the ulcer had preexisted service and not been aggravated during service. Thus, the RO was relying, in accordance with the governing regulation in effect at the time, upon the judgment of medical professionals to establish these medical facts.... [T]he Board is unable to discern the type of undebatable error which the Court has held to constitute [CUE] so as to warrant reversal of the RO’s 1955 denial.
Having determined that the veteran’s ulcer disease pre[]existed service, the RO then correctly turned to the question whether the pre[ ]existing ulcer disease had been aggravated during the veteran’s four months of service.... Although there was no specific finding in the medical evidence of record in 1955 that the veteran’s ulcer had merely recurred[,] the Medical Board’s report, which was of record and was considered by the RO, contained the conclusion that the veteran’s ulcer disease was not aggravated by service. In the absence of any evidence to the contrary, other than*40 the veteran’s own implicit contentions, the Board can only find that the RO in 1955 reviewed the correct facts and applied the correct law to reach a reasonable conclusion. The Board concludes that the 1955 RO decision denying service connection for a duodenal ulcer was not tainted by [CUE] and thus reversal is not warranted.
R. at 14-15.
II. Contentions on Appeal
The appellant argues for reversal of the September 2002 Board decision; he asserts that the Board erred by failing to consider and apply Akins v. Derwinski,
The Secretary counters that the September 2002 BVA decision set forth the entire text of VA Reg. 1063(1), and, therefore, the appellant’s' argument on that point is without merit. Secretary’s (Sec’y) Br. at 9. He argues that the appellant’s reliance on the text of that provision is misplaced in that the appellant “ignores that the [RO] in 1955 ... would not have had to have found clear and unmistakable evidence that an increase was the result of the natural progression of the disease, if it could have concluded that there was no permanent increase in disability.” Ibid. He contends that the appellant’s argument “ignores ... the possibility that the presumptions in question would not have attached in this case.” Br. at 10. The Secretary does, however, propose a remand of the matter in order for the Board to provide an adequate statement of reasons or bases for its decision; specifically, he concedes that the Board “failed to make any finding as to whether a reasonable fact[ ]finder ... could have found that there was no permanent increase in disability, or, alternatively, whether such a fact[]finder could have found that any such increase was the result of the natural progression of the disease in question.” Br. at 4-5.
In reply, the appellant argues that the RO had failed to apply correctly the presumption of soundness because the facts of record, as it existed in 1955, evidenced a “marked increase in [his] symptoms after being drafted” (Reply at 3-4) and that the Board therefore erred by “failing] to recognize that the presumption of 'soundness statute requires ... VA to bear the burden of showing the absence of aggravation in order to rebut th[at presumption]” (Reply at 6-7). In support of his argument, the appellant points to a 1944 opinion of the chief legal officer, then called the Solicitor, of the Veterans’ Administration interpreting the 1943 enactment of section 9 of Public Law 78-144. In accordance with the Solicitor’s opinion, which the appellant asserts (without citation to authority) was binding on the RO in 1955, he argues that
In June 2004, the Court issued a supplemental briefing order directing the parties to address the impact on this case of (1) the opinion of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (Federal Circuit) in Wagner v. Principi,
The appellant filed a supplemental brief arguing that Wagner, supra, supports his position that the 1955 RO should have afforded him the benefit of the presumption of soundness and that the BVA thus erred in determining that the RO had applied correctly the law extant at the time of its 1955 decision. App. Suppl. Br. at 2-3. He further asserts that the Federal Circuit’s holding in Wagner “must be applied by this Court retroactively” because that decision represents “not a change in law, but rather ... a judicial determination regarding what the statute has always meant.” Suppl. Br. at 3 (citing Rivers v. Roadway Express, Inc.,
The Secretary responds that “[b]ecause Wagner was not decided in the context of a claim of [CUE] in an earlier decision, it has no bearing on the case at hand.” Sec’y Suppl. Br. at 11. He then states that “the holding in Jordan supports the conclusion that the Wagner decision has no bearing on this case.” Suppl. Br. at 12. The Secretary does note that subsequent to the 1955 RO decision the “and was not aggravated by” language was deleted from the applicable regulatory language. Suppl. Br. at 9. (In February 1961, 38 C.F.R. § 3.63(b) and (d) were recodified as 38 C.F.R. §§ 3.304 and 3.306(d), respectively, and the' language “and was not aggravated by service” was deleted from the
III. Analysis
A. Applicable Law and Regulation
1. CUE Law and Regulation: An RO decision that has become final, as has the November 1955 RO decision at issue here, generally may not be reversed or amended in the absence of CUE. See 38 U.S.C. § 5109A (codifying into law VA regulation 38 C.F.R. § 3.105(a) (1996)); 38 C.F.R. § 3.105(a) (2004); see also 38 U.S.C. §§ 5108, 7105(c); cf. 38 C.F.R. § 3.400(q)(2) (2004) (providing that when previously disallowed claim is reopened and allowed on basis of new and material evidence in form of service department records, effective date is date such disallowed claim was filed). Section 3.105(a) of title 38, Code of Federal Regulations, provides:
Where evidence establishes [CUE], the prior decision will be reversed or amended. For the purpose of authorizing benefits, the rating or other adjudicative decision which constitutes a reversal of a prior decision on the grounds of [CUE] has the same effect as if the corrected decision had been made on the date of the reversed decision.
38 C.F.R. § 3.105(a). The CUE claim presented here is a collateral attack on a final RO decision. See Crippen v. Brown,
In Russell v. Principi, the Court defined CUE as follows:
Either the correct facts, as they were known at the time, were not before the adjudicator or the statutory or regulatory provisions extant at the time were incorrectly applied.... [CUE is] the sort of error which, had it not been made, would have manifestly changed the outcome ... [, an error that is] undebatable, so that it can be said that reasonable minds could only conclude that the original decision was fatally flawed at the time it was made.
Russell,
In Kent v. Principi, the Federal Circuit held as to judicial review of BVA decisions on CUE claims:
[A]s we have previously held, the “arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law” standard of review employed by the ... Court [of Appeals for Veterans Claims (CAVC) ] contemplates de novo review of questions of law. As we said in Lane v. Principi, [339 F.3d 1331 , 1339 (Fed.Cir.2003) (Lane 77):] “In the first place, both section 7261(a)(1) (‘decide all relevant questions of law’) and section 7261(a)(3)(A) (‘otherwise not in accordance with law') necessarily contemplate de novo review of a legal issue such as the Board’s interpretation of a regulation.” Id. Indeed, in the present case, the [CAVC] expressly noted that CUE may be shown where “the statutory or regulatory provisions extant at the time were incorrectly applied.”
Kent, 389 F.3d 1380, 1384 (Fed.Cir.2004) (citation omitted). Five months before Kent was issued, this Court had concluded in like fashion as to the standard of review applicable in CUE claims to Board determinations regarding the correct application of statutory or regulatory provisions; specifically, in Andrews (Edward) v. Principi, in response to a remand from the Federal Circuit for us “to decide the proper standard(s) for [our] review of the Board’s determination ... respecting CUE”, Andrews,
2. Law and Regulation applicable at time of 1955 RO decision: At the time of the 1955 RO decision, the governing law applicable to wartime veterans, which had been enacted by Congress in the form of a regulation prescribed by the President in 1933, describing basic entitlement to service-connected compensation benefits, the presumption of soundness, and the presumption of aggravation of a preexisting condition, was found in VR No. 1(a), part I, paragraphs 1(a), (b), and (d). (The governing law applicable to peacetime veterans on this point is VR. No. 1(a), part II.) These paragraphs are currently codified at 38 U.S.C. §§ 1110 (formerly 38 U.S.C. § 310), 1111 (formerly 38 U.S.C. § 311), and 1153 (formerly 38 U.S.C. § 353), respectively, without substantive change. As to the presumption of soundness, VR No. 1(a) then provided as follows:
(b) For the purposes of paragraph 1(a) hereof every person employed in the active military or naval service shall be taken to have been in sound condition when examined, accepted!,] and enrolled for service except as to defects, infirmities!,] or disorders noted at time of the examination, acceptance!,] and enrollment, or where clear and unmistakable evidence demonstrates that the injury or disease existed prior to acceptance and enrollment and was not aggravated by such active military or naval service.
VR No. 1(a), part I, para. 1(b), as amended by Pub.L. No. 78-144 § 9(b), 57 Stat. 554-560 (1943) (emphasis added). VR No. 1(a) then provided the following as to the presumption of aggravation:
(d) That for the purpose of paragraph 1(a) hereof a preexisting injury or disease will be considered to have been aggravated by active military service as provided for therein where there is an increase in disability during active service unless there is a specific finding that the increase in disability is due to the natural progress of the disease.
VR No. 1(a), part I, para. 1(d) (1943) (emphasis added). The implementing regulation for the forerunner of section 1111 was found at 38 C.F.R. § 3.63 (1949). The VA regulatory provisions applicable to the instant case at the time of the November 1955 RO decision provided in pertinent part:
(b) For the purposes of paragraph 1(a), Part I, Veterans’ Regulation No. 1(a), as amended July 13, 1943 (38 U.S.C. ch. 12), every person employed in active service shall be taken to have been in sound condition when examined, accepted!,] and enrolled for service except as to defects, infirmities!,] or disorders noted at the time of the examination, acceptance!,] and enrollment or where clear and unmistakable evidence demonstrates that the injury or disease existed prior to acceptance and enrollment and was not aggravated by such service. ...
(d) “Clear and unmistakable” means obvious or manifest. Accordingly, evidence which makes it obvious or manifest, [sic] that the injury or disease under consideration existed prior to acceptance and enrollment for service will satisfy the requirements of the statute. The requirement of the law is*45 that claims to which the above-cited presumptions apply be denied only on the basis of evidence which clearly and unmistakably demonstrates that the disease did not originate in service, or, if increased in service, was not aggravated therebg.
38 C.F.R. § 3.63(b), (d) (1949) (emphasis added). Paragraph (i) of that regulation provided, in pertinent part, the following as to “increase in service”, a factor that had not been addressed at all in the 1943 Public Law that had amended para. 1(b) of VR No. 1(a) as quoted above:
(i) Under Regulation 1(a), Part I, paragraphs 1(a), (b) and (d), as amended July 13, 1943, (38 U.S.C. ch. 12), injury or disease, apart from misconduct disease, noted prior to service or shown by clear and unmistakable evidence, including medical facts and principles, to have had inception prior to enlistment will be conceded to have been aggravated where such disabilitg underwent an increase in severitg during service unless such increase in severitg is shown bg clear and unmistakable evidence, including medical facts and principles, to have been due to the natural progress of the disease. Aggravation of a disability noted prior to service or shown by clear and unmistakable evidence, including medical facts and principles, to have had inception prior to enlistment mag not be conceded where the dis-abilitg underwent no increase in se-veritg during service on the basis of all the evidence of record pertaining to the manifestations of such disability prior to, during and subsequent to service.... Recurrences, acute episodes, symptomatic fluctuations, descriptive variations and diagnostic evaluations of a preser-vice injury or disease during service or at the time of discharge are not to be construed as establishing increase of disability in the absence of sudden pathological development or advancement of the basic chronic pathology during active service such as to establish increase of preexisting disability during service.
38 C.F.R. § 3.63(i) (1949) (emphasis added). In 1949, VA Reg. 1063 was codified in 38 C.F.R. § 3.63; paragraphs (B), (D), and (I) in VA Reg. 1063 were identical to the 1949 regulatory provisions quoted above. 38 C.F.R. § 3.63 (1949). Although there were intervening changes to § 3.63 between 1949 and 1955, none of the changes are pertinent to the language of concern at this point.
B. CUE Attack on the 1955 RO decision
At the outset, we stress that we are not directly reviewing the 1955 RO decision for CUE, but, rather, reviewing the 2002 BVA determination on that issue in order to determine whether that BVA decision was “arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law”, 38 U.S.C. § 7261(a)(3)(A); see Andrews,
1. Presumption of Soundness: We deal first with the question of the presumption of soundness, because if it applies and is not rebutted by clear and unmistakable evidence then “the veteran’s claim is one for service connection [based on incurrence in service].” Wagner,
This means that [if such an award were made] no deduction for the degree of disability existing at the time of entrance [would] be made if a rating is awarded. See 38 C.F.R. § 3.322 [ (2004) ]. On the other hand, .... [i]f the presumption of aggravation under section 1153 arises, the burden shifts to the government to show a lack of aggravation by establishing “that the increase in disability is due to the natural progress of the disease.”
Wagner, supra (footnote and citations omitted). In other words, the veteran may be entitled to a higher disability rating if the presumption of soundness applies and is not rebutted than if aggravation is found under section 1153 and its forerunners.
Having determined that the appellant’s ulcer condition preexisted service, the Board was then required to consider whether the RO in 1955 had been presented with clear and unmistakable evidence that his ulcer condition, in the words of VR No. 1(a), “was not aggravated by [his] service.” VR No. 1(a), part I, para. 1(b); 38 C.F.R. § 3.63(b) (1949); see Sondel,
In this regard, the Court notes that the Medical Board’s conclusion that the appellant’s ulcer condition was “not service aggravated” (R. at 66) could, as we conclude immediately below, have been based only on an implicit finding of natural progression because that Medical Board expressly found a “marked increase in symptoms after being drafted” (Ibid.). Even though the 1955 RO decision is entitled to the presumption of validity, see Natali and Pierce, both supra, it is not conclusively so presumed; here, although the in-service medical-examination reports were neutral as to whether there was an increase in severity, all of the other evidence showed a permanent increase. The Court thus holds that, because no reasonable factfin-der could in 1955, as did the RO, have applied 38 C.F.R. § 3.63(a) (1954) (requiring that “[determinations as to service! ]connection should be based on review of the entire evidence of record in the individual case”) to the uncontroverted evidence then before the RO so as to find that there was not a permanent increase in the severity of the appellant’s ulcer in service, cf. R. at 418 (hearing-officer decision awarding service connection for duodenal ulcer that had “permanently worsened during service”), the Board decision was not in accordance with law in concluding that the RO had not erred undebatably in its 1955 decision to the extent that the RO’s denial was based on a finding of nonaggravation of the appellant’s preexisting ulcer condition. See Russell,
Accordingly, the Court holds that, insofar as the 2002 Board concluded that the 1955 RO did not err undebatably to the extent that the RO based its finding of nonaggravation on a lack of increased severity in service of the appellant’s preexisting ulcer condition, that decision was not in accordance with law. See 38 U.S.C. § 7261(a)(3)(A); Kent and Andrews, both supra; see also Sondel,
The inquiry does not, however, end with this determination regarding unde-batable error as to an in-service increase in severity. The regulatory provisions in effect in 1955 further provided that the aggravation prong of the presumption of soundness could be rebutted by a showing “by clear and unmistakable evidence” that any increase was “due to the natural progress of the disease”. 38 C.F.R. § 3.63(i) (1949). The Board determined, in its 2002 decision on appeal, that the RO’s conclusion — that the appellant’s ulcer condition was not aggravated by service- — -was reasonable in light of there being no evidence to contradict the findings contained in the Medical Board report. R. at 14. Specifically, the Board noted that the Medical Board report “contained the conclusion that the [appellant’s] ulcer disease was not aggravated by service.” Ibid. Although the Medical Board report does not contain specific analysis in support of its conclusion, it appears to the Court that that conclusion could have been based on any of three implicit findings: (1) That the appellant’s ulcer condition did not increase in severity during service; (2) that any increase was not permanent; or (3) that any increase was the result of the natural progress of the ulcer, see Maxson v. West,
That leaves the possibility that the Medical Board could have determined implicitly that the increase in severity was the result of the natural progression of the condition. Although the RO decision did not expressly state that it based its decision on having concluded that the Medical Board made such an implicit finding, it would not have been error for the RO to have done so, nor for the Board to have concluded, on that basis, that the RO’s decision was reasonable. See Natali, Pierce, and Crippen, all supra. Thus, the Court holds that it was not arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law for the Board to have found no CUE insofar as the 1955 RO may have based its determination of nonaggravation on an implicit finding, by clear and unmistakable evidence, of natural progression by the Medi
2. Presumption of Aggravation: That leaves the question whether the Board’s determination that the presumption of aggravation was not applied in a clearly and unmistakably erroneous way by the 1955 RO was arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law. For the reasons that follow, we hold that the Board decision was not in accordance with law in this respect.
As a threshold matter, the presumption of aggravation (presently set forth in 38 U.S.C. § 1153) is generally triggered by evidence that a preexisting disability has undergone an increase in severity in service. See Maxson,
Indeed, in Akins, this Court addressed the presumption of aggravation under VR No. 1(a) and held the “specific finding” language quoted above to be “dispositive”. Akins,
In the instant case, as in Sondel and Akins, both supra, it is undisputed that the RO made no such “specific finding”, and that the record before the RO in 1955 in the instant case did not contain any such finding, that the increased severity of the appellant’s ulcer condition was due to the natural progression of the disease, as was then required by VR No. 1(a), part 1, para.
3. Service Connection: The Board was not called upon to address the question of service connection because it had concluded that the RO could reasonably have found that the presumption of aggravation was rebutted. As the Court stated in Cotant, “[i]n order for a preexisting condition aggravated in service to be found
We thus reaffirm today that, when it is clear, on the face of the decision being assailed for CUE, that the error alleged did in fact occur and would manifestly have changed the outcome of the case, the Court will reverse, rather than only vacate and remand, as to the BVA decision. This holding is consistent with the holdings of this Court and other courts that a remand is unwarranted when it would serve only to fulfill a procedural duty that would unnecessarily delay and burden agency resources.
Ibid. (citing Bigelow v. Va.,
Based on the evidence of record here, remand to the Board for factfinding is necessary in order for the service-connection determination to be made, because the Court does not have the authority to engage in de novo factfinding. See Hensley v. West,
At a minimum, therefore, the Court should generally not reverse a Board CUE-claim denial where the Board did not address an essential aspect of the CUE claim. We note that in Sondel and Akins, on which we rely today in large part, the Court did reverse the Board’s denial of the CUE claim and direct that the RO decision involved be revised, based on CUE, so as to award service connection for the disability in question. Sondel,
IV. Conclusion
On the basis of the foregoing analysis, the record on appeal, and the parties’ pleadings, and having “take[n] due account of the rule of prejudicial error” under 38 U.S.C. § 7261(b)(2), the Court affirms that part of the September 2002 BVA decision that found no CUE in the 1955 RO decision insofar as the RO found that the presumption of soundness was rebutted, and reverses those parts of the September 2002 BVA decision that found no undebatable error in the 1955 RO decision insofar as the RO found that the appellant’s ulcer condition underwent no permanent increase during service and that the presumption of aggravation had been rebutted. The Court vacates the BVA decision’s denial of CUE and remands the matter for expeditious issuance of a readjudicated decision on the service-connection question, supported by an adequate statement of reasons or bases, see, e.g., 38 U.S.C. §§ 5109A, 7104(a), (d)(1), 7261; VR No. 1(a), part I, paras. 1(b), (d); 38 C.F.R. § 3.105(a) (2004); see Russell, Cotant, and Mason, all supra, Fletcher v. Derwinski,
AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED IN PART, VACATED IN PART, AND REMANDED.
Notes
. The Court notes with interest, however, (1) that in Natali v. Principi,
. As to the specific-finding requirement, the Court notes the Secretary's interpretation of the analogous provision (applicable to peacetime service) in 38 C.F.R. § 3.63(k), propounded at oral argument, that the words "will be met” in the second sentence of that regulation suggest that the "specific finding” could be made by other than "a finding of a constituted [VA] rating agency”. See 38 C.F.R. § 3.63(k) (1949) ("[a] specific finding that the increase in disability is due to the natural progress of a disease will be met, for purposes of Part II, paragraph 1(a), of Regulation 1(a), by a finding of a constituted rating agency of the Veterans' Administration based upon available evidence of a nature generally acceptable as competent to show that an increase in severity of a disease or injury, or of the disabling effects thereof, or acceleration in progress of a disease was that normally to be expected by reason of the inherent character of the condition, aside from any extraneous or contributing cause or influence peculiar to military service”).
. It does not appear from the Court’s opinion in Akins, supra, that the Board had addressed whether consideration of the "specific finding” requirement would have resulted in the award of service connection, but Akins was decided long before the en banc Court in Russell, supra, set forth the manifest-outcome change CUE prerequisite.
Concurrence Opinion
concurring:
I write separately only to express my disagreement with the majority’s use of Hampton v. Gober,
The majority states that the appellants in Akins and Sondel had disabilities that were unquestionably present at discharge and that they had applied for service connection within one month after discharge. Ante at 53-54. The majority concludes that the Court properly directed awards of service connection in those cases without remanding for a determination of whether the elements of service connection had been satisfied because the circumstances in those cases eliminated the need to show a then-current disability and a nexus to service. Id. To support its conclusion, the majority cites Hampton.
In Hampton, the evidence of record included a separation examination report that reflected a diagnosis of a knee condition, and the appellant had filed a claim for service connection within approximately one month of his separation examination. Hampton,
In sum, any justification by the majority of the result reached by the Court in Akins and Sondel by means of a citation to Hampton is in my view an unconvincing attempt to reconcile the contrasting results in Akins, Sondel, Cotant v. Principi,