124 S.E.2d 522 | N.C. | 1962
Sylvia S. THERRELL
v.
Rufus Fred FREEMAN.
Supreme Court of North Carolina.
*523 Bailey & Booe, Charlotte, for plaintiff.
John H. Small, Charlotte, for defendant.
MOORE, Justice.
Defendant assigns as error the court's instructions to the jury on the second or contributory negligence issue. Exceptions relate particularly to the judge's definition of contributory negligence, his failure to declare and explain the law arising on the evidence, and his failure to apply the law to the facts.
Defendant alleges that plaintiff was negligent on the occasion in question in that she (1) violated G.S. § 20-154(a) by suddenly stopping the vehicle she was operating without first ascertaining that she could do so in safety, (2) failed to give a signal of her intention to stop, and (3) failed to keep a proper lookout; and that such negligence on plaintiff's part was a contributing cause of the collision and plaintiff's injuries. Whether there was evidence to support any or all of these specific allegations of negligence is a question not presented on this appeal. We assume that one or more of the allegations was supported by evidence since the court submitted an issue of contributory negligence.
In charging on this issue the court declared: "Contributory negligence is but the failure to exercise due care upon the plaintiff as a driver, and due care means here just what it did before." The court then properly placed the burden of proof on defendant, and gave defendant's contentions in very general terms. Nowhere in the charge, on this issue or elsewhere, is there any instruction, declaration or explanation as to the law with reference to stopping, signals or lookout, nor any attempt to apply the law relative to any of these matters to the particular facts and circumstances in this case. The court concluded its charge on this issue as follows: "If you shall be satisfied by the greater weight of the evidence with his contentions on the second issue, you will answer it Yes, and if you are not so satisfied * * * you answer it No."
The court's charge on the contributory negligence issue is inadequate and fails to comply with G.S. § 1-180. The provisions of that statute are mandatory, and *524 a failure to comply is prejudicial error. Godwin v. Hinnan, 250 N.C. 328, 108 S.E.2d 658.
It is the duty of the trial court to declare and explain the law arising on the evidence as to all substantial features of the case, without any special prayer for instructions to that effect, and a mere declaration of the law in general terms and a statement of the contentions of the parties is insufficient. Byrnes v. Ryck, 254 N.C. 496, 119 S.E.2d 391; Rowe v. Fuquay, 252 N.C. 769, 114 S.E.2d 631; Glenn v. Raleigh, 246 N.C. 469, 98 S.E.2d 913; Hawkins v. Simpson, 237 N.C. 155, 74 S.E.2d 331. If the pertinent law is statutory, a mere reading of the statute without applying the law to the evidence is insufficient. Chambers v. Allen, 233 N.C. 195, 63 S.E.2d 212. The court is not required to read the statute to the jury; a simple explanation of the law is generally preferable. Kennedy v. James, 252 N.C. 434, 113 S.E.2d 889; Batchelor v. Black, 232 N.C. 314, 59 S.E.2d 817.
A charge on the issue of contributory negligence which merely gives the contentions of the parties, without defining contributory negligence and without explaining the law applicable to the facts in evidence, constitutes prejudicial error. Dixon v. Wiley, 242 N.C. 117, 86 S.E.2d 784.
Defendant makes thirty-one assignments of error. Since there must be a new trial, it is not deemed necessary or beneficial to discuss them seriatim. The errors involved, if any, may not recur upon a retrial.
Counsel for plaintiff contends in the brief that certiorari should not have been allowed by this Court. The argument is irrelevant and impertinent. Long before the time for filing brief this question was moot.
It is the custom and practice in this Court that all petitions for certiorari and all motions relating to appeals are considered and decided by the full Court in conference. Concurrence of a majority of the Court is required for decision in any of these matters. Certiorari may be granted in some appellate courts without a conference vote and by acquiescence of less than a majority of the members, but not so here. The fact that orders are signed by only one member of the Court, for the Court, may not be taken to mean that the Justice who signed the order passed on the petition alone. The petition for certiorari in the instant case was considered by the full Court in conference, with all members present. The decision thereon is the decision of the Court. The Court decided that defendant had not been guilty of laches in prosecution of the appeal and that the appeal was meritorious. In exercise of its discretion the Court issued the writ. State v. Angel, 194 N.C. 715, 140 S.E. 727. Counsel will not now be heard to say that the writ was improvidently issued. The matter is not debatable.
New trial.
SHARP, J., took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.