258 F. 446 | 2d Cir. | 1919
The legal ground-work of this action is identical with that of The Italier, 257 Fed. 712, - C. C. A. - (opinion filed herewith).
At a port in Australia and in December, 1915, libelants shipped as members of the crew of the British steamer Westmeath for a voyage “not to exceed one year.” Before that year expired the Westmeath arrived in the harbor of New York, where she loaded and discharged, and there the libelants avér they made demand for half wages under R. S. § 4530, as amended (Comp. St. § 8322). This demand was refused, whereupon this action was brought for full wages, etc.
The libelants had decree below, and as to the facts it is sufficient to say that the single defense (of desertion) set up in the answer is not proved. On the contrary, we agree with the District Judge that libel-ants’ case was proved within the statute.
To grant this decree in favor of foreign seamen against a foreign vessel solely because such vessel, by coming into the harbor of New York and there loading and discharging, gave to her crew rights entirely contravening those secured or granted to that crew by British law, is now asserted to be such an interpretation of the Seamen’s Act of March 4, 1915, c. 153, 38 Stat. 1165 (Comp. St. § 8322), as to render Rev. St. § 4530, as amended, unconstitutional.
That the statute impairs, or rather abrogates, the foreign seaman’s shipping contract, is admitted; but we know of no reason why Congress, if so minded, may not pass such a statute. “It is no answer (to a plain congressional declaration) to say that it interferes with the validity of contracts, for no provision of the constitution prohibits Con
It is, however, urged that any interpretation of the act which enables a seaman on a foreign ship! to accomplish that which is embodied in the decree appealed from, is violative of the Fifth Amendment, in that it interferes “with the liberty to contract on such terms as may be advisable to the parties to the contract,” and is therefore “a deprivation, of liberty without due process of law,” and for this reliance is placed upon Allgeyer v. Louisiana, 165 U. S. 578, 17 Sup. Ct. 427, 41 L. Ed. 832. In our opinion this very contention was in substance made in Patterson v. The Eudora, 190 U. S. 169, 23 Sup. Ct. 821, 47 L. Ed. 1002, and there disposed of; and this decision was recently approved in The Talus, 248 U. S. 185, 39 Sup. Ct. 84, 63 L. Ed. - (December 23, 1918).
The employment and discharge, treatment, status, and punishment of merchant seamen has long been a part of the regulation of water-borne commerce. With the' advisability or expediency of declaring all seamen, irrespective of nationality, to have a status, or be entitled to treatment when within a harbor of the United States totally differing from the treatment or status accorded them in every other part of the world, we have no concern, but entertain no doubt of the power of Congress to enact this statute as a commercial regulation.
Decree affirmed, with costs.
