| E.D. Va. | Jul 15, 1904
The libelant, a seaman on board the Swedish steamship Svaeland, en route from Tampico, Mexico, to New York, by way of Perth Amboy, N. J., on the return voyage to New York, from whence he had shipped to Tampico and return, on the 14th day of December, 1903, while on the high seas, in the vicinity of Cape Harteras, in descending a ladder into the hold of the ship, lost his footing, and fell a distance of some 20 feet, fracturing his ankle. The libel is filed to recover damages against the steamship because of its failure to put into the port of Norfolk, where .the libelant could have received prompt medical and surgical treatment, but instead proceeded on its journey to New York; also for the failure to afford the libelant prompt and proper surgical treatment, and for the additional pain and permanent character of the injury caused by such delay.
The duty of the master to furnish the libelant with proper and prompt medical treatment and surgical aid on account of an injury sustained by him while in the service of the ship may be conceded. But whether the ship should be held liable for the failure to divert its course, and put into Norfolk, depends upon the facts and circumstances of this particular case. The conclusion reached by the court is that the ship was not at fault, under the circumstances in which the master was
The inability of the libelant to recover for the injury he sustained by reason of the fall is conceded by his counsel. Indeed, such claim is not asserted; and the freedom of the ship from liability to its seamen for injury received in the discharge of their duties, except in cases arising by reason of the unseaworthiness of the ship, or a failure to supply and keep in order the proper appliances appurtenant to the ship, is recognized. The Osceola, 189 U.S. 158" court="SCOTUS" date_filed="1903-03-02" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/the-osceola-95840?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="95840">189 U. S. 158, 175, 23 Sup. Ct. 433, 47 L. Ed. 760" court="SCOTUS" date_filed="1903-03-02" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/the-osceola-95840?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="95840">47 L. Ed. 760. But the libelant bases his claim upon his right to recover damages for the failure of the ship to afford prompt and efficient medical and surgical aid after he sustained his injury. That such last-named liability exists, if in point of fact there was neglect on the part of the ship, seems equally well settled. In the Iroquois Case, supra, the Supreme Court of the United States, affirmed a judgment of the lower court for $6,000 awarded the libelant for the failure of the ship to deviate from its course and put into a nearer port, where the libelant could have received medical treatment more promptly. It would follow that, if there was a failure to furnish medical treatment at the end of the voyage in a case like the one under consideration, where the circumstances did not necessarily require a departure from the course, that likewise a recovery should be had for such neglect, as it is for precisely the same thing in a more aggravated form. The master would be more readily excused for a failure to deviate from his course, and go hundreds of miles out of his way, involving the loss of time and expenses necessarily incident to such a change. But the imposition upon the master to give proper and prompt attention to a crippled seaman on reaching the port of destination is a very different thing. The neglect in the latter case, having in view the humanities of the situation, seems almost inexcusable. Here the libelant sustained his injury — the horrible breaking' of his ankle joint, which has crippled him for life, and on account of which he suffered greatly, and from which he was required to stay in a hospital from the 24th of December, 1903, certainly as late as the middle of June, 1904, without walking except on crutches. He was injured at sea on the early morning of the 14th of December, and reached the port of Perth Amboy 48 hours afterwards. He remained at Perth Amboy two days, leaving there on the 18th, and reached Norfolk on the 20th. The master of the ship, it seems, visited him twice after his injury, and once at Perth Amboy, where he called in a doctor, who saw the libelant only once, and considered the injury to his ankle a sprain, and, instead of the libel-ant, who was then at the end of his voyage, and entitled to be re
“I examined Ms ankle, and found it in a little disturbed condition — twisted; and I made a diagnosis of fracture of tlie larger bone and considerable tearing of the ligament; that is, the tissues that bind the bones together, and especially on the outer side, which allowed the foot to tilt freely. I chloroformed him, and broke up the union wMch had taken place in the bone, and the bone was somewhat impacted — broke; that is, when broken in two, the shock had dovetailed it, and under the anaesthetic the bone was carried out again — that is, the break was renewed — and the ankle put straight, and put in place. After taking it out of plaster, the foot on the inner side was straight, but on the outer side it remained very prominent; the outer bone pushed forward and outward of the foot; had the appearance below the joint of still tilting in. A second examination showed sometMng interposing between these bones, and that necessitated opening the joint. And the interposition there was a dislocation of one of the smaller bones, and caused the ankle to go in. After that was removed, the bone was carried straight, and the foot comes down level. But the ankle is permanently disabled. He will have a useful foot, and be able to carry on good work on that foot; but whether he will be able to climb ladders as he did before, and stand on that foot where heavy weights are necessary, and pulling, I cannot say but that he may feel some giving away in the ankle.”
It will be seen from this statement that during the time that elapsed before proper medical treatment was afforded the libelant, which was readily at hand both in New York and Norfolk, a union had taken place in the bone, and that the first thing necessary to be done was to administer chloroform, and break up the union thus formed — that is, to renew the break, and put the ankle straight; and so serious was the character of the injury, and the condition of the limb in which it waá then found, that subsequently it had to be broken over again. This doctor further testified as to the painful character of the injury by reason of its location.
Respondent seeks immunity from liability to the libelant because of calling in the doctors at Perth Amboy and Norfolk, and also to excuse itself for bringing libelant away from New York instead of sending him to the hospital there, because it claimed the libelant did not ask to be either formally discharged or sent to the hospital. This will not do, even assuming the facts to be as contended for by the respondent, with which the court does not agree. No formal discharge of the libelant was necessary. His voyage had ended. Nor was it necessary for him to demand to be sent to a hospital. The duty im
“Yet with a careful examination, such as the master was bound to make, we think he should have detected it.”
And in reference to the latter;
“We lay no stress on the fact that the libelant did not ask to be taken into an intermediate port. He was a boy, largely ignorant of his rights and duties. The master was his legal guardian, in the sense that it is a part of his duty to look out for the safety and care of his seamen, whether they make a distinct request for it or not. If, on arriving at .Valparaiso, the bones were found to have knitted together, there was at least a chance of securing their union by proper treatment. If, upon the other hand, they had united, there was a certainty of securing ultimate recovery by careful nursing, and by the use of facilities which the hospital undoubtedly would have, and which the ship had not. To put it in a light most favorable to the master, he speculated upon the chance that a union of the bones had taken place, without seeking to inform himself of the fact.”
And in this same case the Supreme Court criticised the action of the ship’s master in allowing a crippled seaman to remain in the forecastle of the ship, instead of placing him in the cabin, where he could have been more comfortably provided for. In that case it is true the injury was of a more serious character than here, though not more painful; and it may be said that there was not the same need for the transfer from the forecastle to the cabin; but manifestly, if, upon reaching New York, no relief was afforded the libelant, and he was taken back to sea at the end of his voyage, he should at least have received better treatment than to have been kept in the ship’s forecastle.
Thus far the court has assumed that the libelant did not ask either to be discharged at New York, or sent to the hospital. On these questions the evidence is conflicting. Libelant testifies one way, and the master the other. The court had not the benefit of hearing the master testify, as his evidence was taken by deposition; but it saw and observed the demeanor and conduct of the libelant on the stand, and was impressed with the truthfulness of his statement, and is therefore inclined to adopt his statement in this conflict; particularly as it is hardly possible that with an injury of this painful character he would either have wanted to be taken back to sea or have failed to ask for all the relief and treatment which could be furnished him. The court is
In conclusion, the court thinks that an award of $500 should be made to the libelant for the additional suffering imposed upon him, and for the apparently aggravated character of the injury he sustained; the same to be paid in addition to all expenses incurred for medical treatment and cure of libelant, which in this case have been considerable, and on account of which the damages are fixed at so small an amount.