222 F. 576 | S.D.N.Y. | 1915
This is a proceeding by the R. G. Packard Company, as owner of Dredge No. 6, for limitation of liability, wherein an answer has been interposed by the Standard Gaslight Company, asserting a claim for damages to a gas main negligently caused by petitioner. Prior to the filing of the petition, an action at law had been instituted by the Standard Gaslight Company to recover dámages, which
Before passing to the merits on the question of negligence on the part of the petitioner, several preliminary objections to the right to limit liability will first be considered. Claimant contends that the injury was not caused, as provided by section 4283 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, amended by section 18 of the act of June 26, 1884, without the privity and knowledge of the owner, and that therefore there can be no exemption from liability; but I think this objection is not sustained by the evidence. Although Clark, the petitioner’s superintendent, directed the dredge to the locality where the dredging was done, and gave notice prior thereto at the department of docks and ferries of the petitioner’s intention to begin dredging, yet his entire connection with the work was prior to the actual dredging operation, which, as the evidence show's, was in the immediate charge of the master and crew. Neither Clark nor the owner was on board the dredge when the gas main was broken, and, if there was negligence in lowering the spuds of the dredge, such negligence was attributable to the master and crew, and not to the owner or superintendent. In re Rapid Transit Ferry Co. (D. C.) 124 Fed. 786.
The assumption that the negligent lowering óf a spud of the dredge was not the proximate cause of the injury, and that there were prior acts of negligence by the superintendent, as, for example, the failure to notify the proper department of the intention to begin dredging, which -were imputable to the petitioner, is likewise not sustained by the evidence, for the witness Trout testified that as engineer of the department of docks and ferries he had charge of all dredging operations in the municipality, and that, at Mr. Clark’s request to notify representatives of submarine structures that he would begin dredging at a specified time, he notified certain companies and interests owning submarine structures at the point of dredging, but that he did not notify the claimant, as he did not know of the existence of a gas main in the bed of the river at that place. There is nothing to show that Clark knew of the gas main in question, or knew that his notice of intention to begin dredging should have been given to the department of water supply, which is claimed, under the city charter, to have direct control over gas mains in streets and public places. Clark was not chargeable with negligence for placing reliance on Trout’s statement that he would notify interested parties; nor was there, in my opinion, such privity and knowledge on the part of the petitioner as to bar limitation of its liability. Richardson v. Harmon, 222 U. S. 96, 32 Sup. Ct. 27, 56 L. Ed. 110; see also The San Pedro, 223 U. S. 365, 32 Sup. Ct. 275, 56 L. Ed. 473, Ann. Cas. 1913D, 1221.
Counsel also says that, under the interstate commerce clause, section 18 of the act of June 26, 1884, cannot be sustained, as it would seem to apply equally to interstate and intrastate commerce, and asserts that the dredge in question was not engaged in interstate commerce. This contention however is 'unpersuasive,' for though the dredge had no motive power, and was not engaged in the transportation of property from one state into another, she nevertheless was used at the time of the mishap in deepening the waterway for vessels engaged in interstate commerce and was carrying her machinery from place to place, and was therefore subject to maritime liens and risks. North American Dredging Co. v. Pacific Mail S. S. Co., 185 Fed. 698, 107 C. C. A. 620.
‘TIví use by steamers in tbis harbor of the undefined margin of silt between tbe solid ground and clear water is necessary. Every inch that can be utilized is needed, and should be scrupulously jireserved for the uses of navigation, as against all unnecessary interference. Any unnecessary interference with the free movements of vessels is, in my judgment, an ‘obstruction to navigation,’ within the meaning and intent of the act of Congress.”
See, also, Omslaer v. Philadelphia Co. (D. C.) 31 Fed. 354, and Blanchard v. Western Union Tel. Co., 60 N. Y. 510.
Testimony was introduced to show that upon the bulkhead on the Bronx side of the river, where the main was broken, there was a large sign about 7 feet high and 4 feet 6 inches wide, which had painted upon it in conspicuous black lettering the words, “Warning. Cables
The presence of representatives of several concerns maintaining submarine structures at this point in the river, whose duty it was to warn the dredge whenever she came near such structures, while perhaps not relieving the master of the dredge from taking notice of the signs, nevertheless tended, I think, to create a presumption that the owners of all submarine structures were represented, and would admonish him of danger to their property. Indeed, the master of the dredge testified that it was customary for the said representatives, and one Spooner, an official from the department of docks and ferries, to prompt him to cease operations whenever the dredge came too close to such submarine structures, and to renew them when the water pipes or cables were cleared.
It is next contended that in breaking the main the master committed a trespass, and is liable, even though negligence is not proven, and many cases are cited in support of this view; but these adjudications, assuming the question open for consideration, by this court, for no claim of trespass has hitherto been made herein, do not, I think, apply to the facts under consideration.
Other propositions are put forth, namely, that there can be no right to limit liability where there is but a single claim filed against the vessel, that the dredge was not a vessel, and that the tug which towed the dredge to the place of dredging should also have been surrendered by the petitioner; but the contentions made in support thereof are unsound, and do not require special attention.
My conclusion is that the petitioner was without fault; that neither the petitioner nor the master of the dredge knew of the presence of the gas main, or had reasonable notice to put them on inquiry as to its presence in the river; and accordingly a proper decree relieving the petitioner from liability for the injury to the main may be entered, with costs.