20 F. Cas. 519 | S.D. Miss. | 1870
This cause is submitted upon the following agreed facts:
The libelants and their daughter took passage on the steamer against which the libel is filed, at New Orleans, for Vicksburg. They paid the usual passage fare, and delivered their tranks, &c., to the baggage master, and retired to the state-rooms assigned them, taking with them a small leather hand-bag, or companion, in which the ladles carried their combs, brashes, and articles of immediate necessity in traveling. In the evening', the ladies made their toilet for xea, leaving in the hand-bag or companion, jewelry usually worn on their persons, as part of their apparel, worth one hundred and five dollars. This companion was hung on a hook, on the side of the state-room. When the ladies left the room they closed the door, and on returning from tea found that during their absence some one had entered the room and abstracted the jewelry. Notice of the theft was immediately given to the officers of the boat, who made inquiries for the property, but did not recover any portion of it. Payment of its value was then demanded of the officers of the boat, but was refused.
Whether or not the boat was liable for the loss under these circumstances, is the only question to be decided. The amount claimed is small, but the question is an important one to travelers and common carriers, and therefore demands serious inquiry.
That the steamer is liable, as a common carrier, for the libelants’ ordinary baggage, committed to the care of the officers in charge, is admitted; but that this hand-bag, or companion, with its contents, was committed to then- charge, is denied by the respondent, and the facts, as stated, do not show that any actual delivery thereof was made, or intended to be made, but that it was retained by the ladies in their own possession.
The rule in England, and, perhaps, in this country, before the invention of steamboats and xailroads, was very strict upon common carriers, and rendered them liable for the loss of the baggage of passengers conveyed by them; one reason given was, that often there was a conspiracy between the coachman and the robber; but under our recent modes of travel, this rule has been very properly modified, and the carriers are only held responsible for such portion of the passenger's baggage as may have oeen delivered to them, or to the agent whose business it is to receive and take care of the same. This delivery must be complete. See Blanchard v. Isaacs, 3 Barb. 383; Kent, Comm. 604; Packard v. Getman, 6 Cow. 757. In Tower v. Utica, etc., R. Co., 7 Hill, 47, it was held by Nelson, C. J., that a passenger who retains his overcoat in his seat, cannot recover against the company for its loss. Again, Mr. Story, in his work on Contracts (section 700), holds that in this country, if a passenger does not surrender his baggage to the carrier, but retains it in his own possession, and it is lost, he cannot recover against the carrier therefor. Other authorities might be referred to, but these are sufficient.
I am referred by libelant’s proctor to Mississippi R. Co. v. Kennedy [41 Miss. 671] as sustaining the adverse proposition, but that is not a ease in point. It is true, it holds, that jewelry usually worn as part of personal apparel, does constitute.a portion of a traveler’s baggage, but in that case the trank in which the articles were placed was delivered to the baggage master.
I am also referred for the same purpose to the case of Macklin v. New Jersey Steamboat Co., reported in 7 Abb. Pr. (N. S.) 229. This case was decided by the court of common pleas, New York. This was a case in which the passenger was given the key of his state-room, and took his valise with him. The substance of the ruling is, that this was a delivery to the officers of the boat, who, if they did not intend to become liable, should have notified him of the fact. The ruling of the court in that case, from the authorities cited, was based upon the older eases, and is not sustained by reason or the modem cases.
I am also referred to the case of Epps v. Hinds, 5 Cush. 657. This was a suit against an inn-keeper. The guest requested the innkeeper to send his trunk to his room. The guest placed the money given him by his father to pay his traveling expenses and his tuition at the University at Oxford, to which he was going, in the trunk, and locked it. Some time afterward, the inn-keeper placed in the same room another guest, who, during the night, broke open the trunk, took the money, and left. The inn-keeper was properly held liable, for he had no right, after having assigned the guest to his room, to intrude another into it without his consent. Again, the trunk had been delivered to the inn-keeper, who was only requested to remove it to another room. and. if he was not willing to take the risk, should have notified the guest.
These cases, when properly considered, do not support the claim of the libelants. The baggage for which the carrier is responsible, must be such as can, with propriety, be placed in the baggage room, or must be delivered to the clerk of the boat, or some other officer authorized to receive it, and not such articles as the passenger necessarily
