224 F. 436 | 2d Cir. | 1915
The Olympic was berthing on the north side of Pier 59, North River. The Hallenbeck was one of a flotilla of tugs engaged in assisting her to do so. The steamer’s bow was brought to the upper corner of Pier 59, her stern angling out into the river; the tide was ebb and the wind northeast. Some of the tugs took off-shore lines from her port quarter and hauled up river; when she had canted off sufficiently other tugs went under her starboard quarter to push her stern up river. The steamer assisted the operation in the usual way by going ahead with her port propeller and backing with her starboard propeller. At the time when the Hallen-beck, which was to push on the starboard quarter, came into position, the starboard propeller was temporarily motionless. She came up on the starboard side, a little behind the steamer’s after smokestack, and called to the steamer to throw her a heaving line; the steamer’s deck was too high to throw her own line to it. A heaving line was thrown, and a man on the tug began to make it fast to her bitt. The stern was then up against the side of the steamer and the tug’s engines were stopped; her bow was about 100 feet forward of the steamer’s propeller, the tug angling about 45 degrees. At this time the starboard propeller began to revolve, and the suction produced thereby brought
Libelant relies upon the opinion of this court in The City of New York, 54 Fed. 181, 4 C. C. A. 268. We do not see how this helps him. We said:
“The measure of care to he exercised by a steamship in the use of her propellers differs under different circumstances; and the same rule of law which would exonerate an employer from the consequences of an injury to a servant caused by a risk inherent in the service which the latter was hired to perform will exonerate a steamship from responsibility for an injury caused by a similar risk received by a tug while in its employ. It is the duty of the employer to use due care to avoid exposing the servant to extraordinary risks which the latter cannot reasonably anticipate; but he is not bound to provide against the risks which are necessarily incident to the service to be rendered. These are implied conditions of the contract of hiring, and there is no reason why 'they are not as applicable to the relation of steamship and tug as to that of ordinary master and servant”
The Olympic, under the law, undertook not to expose the tug to any extraordinary risk while engaged in the service. The tug held herself out as experienced and competent to facilitate the operations of the steamship, without embarrassing her unnecessarily, and as competent to exercise due care for her own safety. We do not see in what respect the Olympic was in fault. She was conducting the usual process of berthing in the usual way. Presumably with a large steamer it always involves some risk, which is assumed by the tugs which engage in it. Every one who is familiar with the process knows that the steamer uses her own power, and, in doing so, must use her propellers one way or the other, sometimes acting very promptly; it would hardly seem practicable for her to give notice to the attendant flotilla every time she started or stopped them, and there is no testimony indicating any such practice. The Olympic did not order or invite the tug to put herself in position to push at any particular place. The tug master selected what he thought would suit, and hailed some one at that part of the steamer to throw him a line. We agree with Judge Hazel that, in the absence of any specific instructions from the steamer to bring the tug to any particular place on her quarter, the latter should have kept herself under control or taken a position farther from the stern.
Decree affirmed, with costs.