145 F. 723 | S.D.N.Y. | 1906
This action was brought by Bernard McLain, the owner of the barge Bernard McLain, Jr., against the steamboat John H. Starin to recover the damages suffered through collision between those vessels in the afternoon of the 13th day of February, 1905. The AIcLain was lying, outside of 2 other boats, on the upper side of pier 61, about 20 feet from the end. The Starin was proceeding down the river, bound for the foot of Cortlandt Street, Manhattan, and changed towards Manhattan to avoid the ferryboat Jamaica, which was bound from her slip at the foot of Grand Street, Brooklyn, to her slip just north of pier 61, Manhattan. The claimant of the Starin brought in the Jamaica by petition. The tide was ebb, the current running about iy2 miles per hour. The weather was clear.
The Starin was proceeding, at the rate of 8 miles, to the eastward of the 10th Street buoy and just after passing it, saw the Jamaica emerging from her slip at the foot of Grand Street, and claims that she, the Starin, then near the buoy, blew a signal of 1 whistle to the Jamaica; that the latter did not reply, and the Starin repeated the signal, still without eliciting a reply; that on blowing the 2d signal the Starin ported her helm; that after a short time, she blew another signal of 1 blast and ported her helm still more; that to this signal she received a reply of 2 blasts from the ferryboat; that the Starin then having reached a point about off Houston Street, blew another signal of 1 blast, put her helm further to port and rang bells to stop and reverse, the vessels then being about 300 feet apart; that the ferryboat kept on and, with her starboard side, struck the Starin a heavy blow on her port bow, doing considerable damage to the steamer; that the collision took place off about pier 61, and about 100 feet off the Manhattan shore; that the force of the blow turned the Starin around to the starboard so that she struck the McLain,
“Art. 19. When two steam-vessels are crossing, so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of tlio way of the other.
Art. 22. Every vessel which is directed by these rules to keep out of tiie way of another vessel shall, if the circumstances of the ease admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other.
Art. 23. Every steam-vessel which is directed by these rules to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, on approaching her, if necessary, slacken her speed or stop or reverse.”
The Jamaica contends that when the Starin had reached a point east of the 10th Street buoy, and was probably 500 to G00 feet from the Brooklyn shore, the Jamaica was to )4 out of her slip; that a signal of 2 blasts was blown by her to the Starin, which was crossed by a signal oí 1 blast from the Starin; that the Jamaica continued to repeat her signal of 2 blasts, which in every case was crossed by the Starin; that after the Jamaica had blown a 2 blast signal twice, seeing the Starin was swinging towards the Manhattan shore, the Jamaica blew alarm whistles, followed by a signal of 2 blasts to signify her insistence upon her course; that those signals were repeated several times by the Jamaica and every time crossed by the Starin; that both of the vessels were making about 8 miles per hour over the land; that the Jamaica as she came out of her slip was under a port helm one turn, which prevented her sagging against the Brooklyn wharves, in which direction she was forced by the tide; that her course was down and across the river, but seeing the Starin heading towards Manhattan, the Jamaica allowed her wheel to run, and later starboarded a little, so that she might swing further down the river out of the way of the Starin; that this change was made about in the middle of the river, but she continued her general course towards Manhattan, and when as close to it as she could safely go, she ported and came up near the wharves towards her slip, so that it was then
. It is urged by the Jamaica that the duties of the respective vessels are determined by articles 19, 21 and 22 (19 and 22 have been quoted above) 21 provides:
“Art. 21. Where, by any of these rules, one of the two vessels is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep her course and speed.”
Pilot Rule No. 2 is also cited by the Jamaica. It reads as follows:
“Rule II. When steamers are approaching each other in an oblique direction, as shown in the diagrams of the fourth and fifth situations, so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other, which latter vessel shall keep her course and speed; the steamer vessel having the other on her starboard side indicating by one blast of her whistle her intention to direct her course to starboard, so as to cross the stern of the other steamer; and two blasts, her intention of directing her course to port, which signals must be promptly answered by the steamer having the right of way, but the giving and answering signals by a vessel required to keep her course shall not vary the duties and obligations of the respective vessels.”
It is further contended by the Jamaica that she expected the Starin to keep her course and speed and did not wish any change to be
It appears that the Starin was coming down the river at the rate of about 8 miles an hour, as aided by the tide, and that the Jamaica could have made her trip across at about the same general rate of speed. If the latter could have gone directly across, it is probable that there would have been ample time for her to have crossed the Starin’s bow in safety, but the Jamaica could not get under full headway immediately and the tide carried her down, so that before the intersecting point could be reached she traversed considerably more than the direct distance, and some of the time, at a slower rate of speed than when under full headway. I think she should not have attempted under the circumstances to go ahead, especially as she observed that the Slarin was not keeping a straight course down the river but going towards Manhattan, from the beginning under a port helm. The Jarnica violated Articles 22 and 23 and .should be condemned for endeavoring to pass ahead.
The Starin’s duty under the starboard hand rule, was to keep her course and speed but she failed altogether in the former respect in changing constantly to the starboard and by the time the vessels came together, she was very near the Manhattan side.
This is a case where a collision was brought about, not only with danger to the vessels themselves and the people on board, but also to a third party’s boat lying motionless at a wharf in a supposedly safe place, through the persistent effort on the part of each vessel to pass ahead of the other. Each fancied she had the right of way, but there is no such right when it is obvious that if adhered to, it will result in danger of a collision.
There will be a decree for McLain against both of the defending vessels, and they will each have a decree against the other for half damages. Orders of reference will accompany the decrees.