277 F. 957 | 2d Cir. | 1921
The Haven, a Sound steamer, 190 feet by 40 feet, was bound from New Haven to her pier in the North River. Her master was apparently thoroughly experienced, having been licensed for 15 years'and on the Haven for 10 years.
We are satisfied with his account of his difficulties. He testified that he1 struck “a very thick fog” when he got down a little below the Navy Yard in the East River. There was nothing to warn him of the fog at Corlears Hook, or, for that matter, .prior to the time that the fog was encountered. The situation was one which called for the exercise of judgment, and he concluded not to anchor. He sounded proper fog signals, then slowed his vessel, then stopped, then proceeded cautiously, and thought he lost steerage way, then started ahead again under one bell, and again proceeded cautiously until he lost steerage way. He continued in the same manner—that is, stopping, proceeding, losing steerage way, and starting again—until he reached Fulton Ferry, and then he stopped his engines and drifted down with the ebb tide.
Finally, the Haven came into collision with the drill boat No. 8, working on Coenties Reef, off Pier 6, Manhattan shore. The time was about 4:30 a. m. on January 30, 1917. The lights of the drill were observed “just about two minutes” before she struck; but, although the Haven reversed, it was too late, because she sagged down against the drill in the tide.
The Haven’s witnesses are united in testifying that they did not hear any bell nor other warning from the drill. The government inspector on the drill testified that the bell “was ringing continually during the fog; the man would ring, and would stop maybe a minute, about, and then ring again”; but the inspector could not hear the bell, because the drill was working, and the noise of the drill manifestly shut out the 'sound of the bell.
We have no doubt that those on the Haven were prevented from hearing the bell by the noise of the woxddng drill. The master of the Haven knew that the drill was “in that neighborhood,” and expected to hear froxn her.
A vessel navigating in a fog must go no faster than will permit her to stop within the distance she can see ahead. The fog was very thick, and thus it was difficult, if not impossible, to see an object at any safe distance. The master testified that, when he saw the lights of the drill, lie was only 50 to 100 feet away. To drift blindly and aimlessly and uncontrolled in such a dense fog as the Haven’s witnesses described is a proceeding full of potential danger in crowded waters, and particularly in this case, where the master knew that the drill was in the “neighborhood.”
To attempt to turn around would also have been most unwise. By far the least dangerous course was to anchor. The objection to dropping anchor, according to the master, was that “she would have swung around and nniybe struck something at the head of the dock * * and the City of Lowell. 152 Fed. 594, 81 C. C. A. 583, is cited in support of the master’s navigation.
In that case, the court was not favorably impressed with the suggestion that the steamer should anchor, but the point of the case was that “the distance was not great from the place below the Williams-burg Bridge, where the fog closed in, to the more open water beyond the river’s mouth, and the bells on successive ferry slips were guides by which the navigators could note their progress, and determine when they had reached the point where the necessary change of compass course should be made,” and that the court was satisfied that the navigators of the Lowell “had made a serious miscalculation as to their course.”
Here, however, the vessel was permitted to drift in a dense fog, and we think that the danger of striking something when anchoring is much less than the danger of striking something or being struck when drifting in such a fog. In brief, our view is that a vessel of this size in these waters ill this fog should have anchored, or attempted so to do, that such was her duty in these circumstances, and that to drift was so much more likely to cause or result in some collision that her master was not confronted with a fair choice between two courses in
The decree is modified, by awarding half damages and half costs to appellee, with costs of this appeal to appellant.